THE FEMALE GENITAL ORGANS 
The female genital organs (Organa genitalia feminina) are: (1) The two 
ovaries, the essential reproductive glands, in which the ova are produced; (2) 
the uterine or Fallopian tubes, which convey the ova to the uterus; (3) the uterus, 
in which the ovum develops; (4) the vagina, a dilatable passage through which the 
foetus is expelled from the uterus; (5) the vulva, the terminal segment of the genital 
tract, which serves also for the expulsion of the urine; (6) the mammary glands, 
which are in reality glands of the skin, but are so closely associated functionally 
with the generative organs proper that they are usually described with them. 
GENITAL ORGANS OF THE MARE 
THE OVARIES 
The ovaries (Ovaria) of the mare are bean-shaped, and are much smaller 
than the testicles. Their size varies much in different subjects, and they are 
Fic. 530.—Lateran View or GENITAL ORGANS AND ADJACENT Structures oF Marr, 
It is to be noted that the removalof the other abdominal viscera has allowed the ovaries and uterus to sink down; 
this has, however, the advantage of showing the broad ligaments of the uterus. 1, Left ovary; 2, uterine or Fallopian 
tube; 3, left cornu uteri; 4, right cornu uteri; 45, corpus uteri; 5’, portio vaginalis uteri, and 5’, os uteri, seen through 
window cut in vagina; 6, broad ligament of uterus; 6’, round ligament of uterus; 7, vagina; 8, labia vulve; 9, rima 
vulve; 9’, dorsal commissure, and 9”, ventral commissure, of vulva; 10, constrictor vulve; 11, position of vestibular 
bulb; 72, ventral wall of abdomen; 73, left kidney; 14, left ureter; 15, urinary bladder; 16, urethra; 17, rectum; 
18, anus; 19, 19’, unpaired and paired parts of sphincter ani externus; 20, retractor ani cut at disappearance under 
sphincter ani externus; 27, suspensory ligament of anus; 22, longitudinal muscular layer of rectum; 22’, recto-coceygeus; 
28, constrictor vagine; a, utero-ovarian artery, with ovarian (a’) and uterine (a’’) branches; 6, uterine artery; ¢, um- 
bilical artery; d, ischium; e, pubis; f, ilium. (After Ellenberger, in Leisering's Atlas.) 
normally larger in young than in old animals; one ovary is often larger than the 
other. They are about three inches (ca. 7 to 8 em.) long and an inch to an inch 
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