GENITAL ORGANS OF THE BITCH 613 
the bursa ovarii Iateral to the kidney and is attached to the abdominal wall at the 
middle of the last rib. 
The horns of the gravid uterus present dilatations, the ampulla, which contain the 
foetuses, and are separated by constrictions. The gravid uterus lies on the ventral abdominal wall, 
and toward the end of gestation extends forward to the stomach and liver. 
The vagina is relatively long. It is narrow anteriorly, and has no distinct 
fornix. The muscular coat is thick and consists chiefly of circular fibers. The 
mucous membrane forms longitudinal folds. The canals of Gartner are usually 
absent. 
The vulva has thick labia which form a pointed inferior commissure. The 
mucous lining is smooth and red. It frequently presents small prominences caused 
by lymph follicles. On either side of the urethral orifice there is a small depression. 
The glandule vestibulares majores are absent, but the smaller glands are often 
present, and their ducts open ventrally on either side of a median ridge. The 
vestibular bulbs are relatively large and are commonly united ventrally by a sort 
of isthmus. The constrictor muscle is strong and divides into two layers which 
enclose the vestibular bulb. The body of the clitoris is broad and flat, and is about 
an inch and a half (ca. 3-4 em.) long in a subject of medium size. It is not erectile 
in structure, but is infiltrated with fat. It is enclosed by a fibrous albuginea and 
contains large arteries and numerous nerves in its ventral part. The glans clitoridis 
is composed of erectile tissue and is situated in a large fossa clitoridis. A fold of 
mucous membrane extends backward over the glans and fossa; a central projection 
of this fold may be mistaken for the glans clitoridis. 
The mammary glands are usually ten in number, and are arranged in two series, 
extending from the posterior part of the pectoral region to the inguinal region; they 
are, therefore, designated according to location as pectoral, abdominal, and inguinal. 
The teats are short, and present on their apices six to twelve small orifices of the 
excretory ducts. 
