646 
BLOOD-VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE HORSE 
panum, forms an arch around the membrana tympani, and supplies the middle ear 
and its muscles. 
THE SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY 
This artery (A. temporalis superficialis) is much the smaller of the two terminal 
branches of the external carotid, and is usually less than an inch (ca. 2 em.) in length. 
Fic. 563.—Ricut Eye or Horse. 
b, levator palpebrae 
rectus oculi 
a, Remnants of periorbita; 
superioris; c, obliquus oculi inferior; d, 
inferior; e, rectus oculi lateralis; f, rectus oculi superior; 
q, sclera; g’, cornea; h, lacrimal gland; 7, frontal nerve; 
i’, trochlear nerve; k, supraorbital artery; 1, branches of 
lacrimal nerve to gland; m, lacrimal artery; n, zygo- 
matic nerve; 0, branch of ophthalmic artery; p, branch of 
oculomotor nerve to obliquus oculi inferior; g, maxil- 
lary nerve; r, infraorbital nerve; 
nerve; ¢, great palatine nerve; u, small palatine nerve; 
v, internal maxillary artery; w, buccinator artery (cut); 
az, infraorbital artery; x’, malar artery; y, spheno- 
palatine artery; 2, great palatine artery; 2’, small 
palatine (or staphyline) artery; 1, anterior deep 
2, stump of zygomatic arch (sawn 
Ss, posterior nasal 
temporal artery; 
off); 3, stump of supraorbital process (sawn off); 4, fa- 
cial crest; 5, temporal fossa; 6, foramen orbitale; 7, 
foramen rotundum and anterior end of aiar canal; 
8, posterior opening of alarcanal. (After Ellenberger, 
in Leisering’s Atlas.) 
poral nerve. 
It passes upward behind the posterior 
border of the ramus of the mandible, 
under cover of the parotid gland, and 
divides below the level of the condyle 
into the anterior auricular and_ trans- 
verse facial arteries. It is crossed super- 
ficially by the facial nerve. 
The anterior auricular artery (A. 
auricularis anterior) ascends behind the 
temporo-mandibular articulation under 
cover of the parotid gland and reaches 
the temporalis muscle. It is crossed 
deeply at its origin by the superficial 
temporal nerve and is accompanied by 
a satellite vein and the auriculo-palpe- 
bral branch of the facial nerve. It is 
distributed to the skin and the temporal 
and anterior auricular muscles, and sends 
a branch through the conchal cartilage 
to the skin which lines it. Collateral 
twigs are detached to the parotid gland, 
and an anterior branch anastomoses with 
the supraorbital artery. A branch some- 
times passes into the temporal canal and 
anastomoses with the posterior meningeal 
artery. 
The transverse facial artery (A. 
transversa faciei) is larger than the pre- 
ceding. It turns around the neck of 
the mandible and emerges from beneath 
the parotid gland (Fig. 560). It then 
passes forward a short distance on the 
masseter about half an inch below the 
zygomatic arch, and enters the muscle, 
in which it commonly divides into two 
chief branches. It is accompanied by a 
vein and a branch of the superficial tem- 
It supplies the masseter and the skin of this region, and anastomoses 
with the external maxillary and posterior deep temporal arteries. 
THE INTERNAL MAXILLARY ARTERY (Figs. 562, 563, 564) 
This artery (A. maxillaris interna) is much the larger of the two terminal 
branches of the external carotid. 
I ] f tl ternal tid 
It begins at the medial side of the posterior border 
of the mandible, about two inches (ca. 5 em.) below the articulation of the jaw, 
and ends in the anterior part of the pterygo-palatine fossa. 
On account of its 
