70S THE BLOOD-VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE OX 
(1) The pharyngeal artery (A. palatina ascendens) goes to the pharynx and 
soft palate; it may arise from the external carotid. 
(2) Muscular branches go chiefly to the ventral straight muscles of the head 
and supply twigs to the atlanto-occipital joint. 
(3) The condyloid artery passes into the cranium through the anterior foramen 
in the condyloid fossa, and joins the vertebral in the formation of the rete mirabile 
about the pituitary gland. Before entering the cranium it gives off a branch to 
the pharyngeal lymph glands and the middle meningeal artery; the latter passes 
Fic, 593.—ScuHeMa oF CHIEF ARTERIES OF HEAD OF Cow. 
1, Common carotid artery; 2, thyro-laryngeal; 3, thyroid; 4, laryngeal; 6, pharyngeal; 6, occipital; 7, condyloid; 
8, middle meningeal; 9, pharyngeal; 10, external maxillary; 11, lingual; 12, sublingual; 13, superior labial; 14, in- 
ternal maxillary; 15, masseterie; /6, inferior alveolar; 17, buccinator; 18, great palatine; 19, sphenopalatine; 20, 
posterior auricular; 2/, superficial temporal; 22, posterior meningeal; 23, anterior auricular; 24, artery to corium of 
horn; 25, deep temporal; 26, arteries to rete mirabile; 27, frontal; 28, malar; 28’, dorsal nasal continuation of malar; 
29, infraorbital; 29’, lateral nasal continuation of 29, 
through the foramen lacerum. Another branch enters the temporal canal and gives 
twigs to the temporalis muscle and the mucous membrane of the frontal sinus. A 
muscular branch emerges from the intervertebral foramen of the atlas. A diploic 
branch goes into the occipital condyle and squama, and emits twigs to the occipital 
muscles. 
2. The external maxillary artery is smaller than that of the horse, but pursues 
a similar course.! It gives off several branches to the parotid and mandibular 
glands. The lingual artery is large, and often arises separately from the common 
1 In the sheep the artery crosses the masseter muscle about its middle and is continued as 
the superior labial artery. 
