THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY 709 
carotid; it gives off a branch to the mandibular gland, and the sublingual artery. 
After turning around the jaw the facial gives off the two labial arteries. The inferior 
labial artery is small; it runs forward along the ventral margin of the depressor 
labii inferioris. The superior labial is large; it passes forward ventral to the 
depressor labii superioris, and usually gives off a muscular branch which runs for- 
ward almost parallel with the lateral nasal. The angular artery is very small or 
absent, and the lateral and dorsal nasal arteries spring from branches of the in- 
ternal maxillary. 
3. The external carotid artery passes upward between the stylo-hyoideus 
and the great cornu of the hyoid bone, turns forward across the lateral face of the 
latter, and divides into superficial temporal and internal maxillary arteries. It 
gives off the following collateral branches: 
(1) The pharyngeal artery may be a branch of the external carotid, but often 
arises from the occipital. 
(2) The posterior auricular artery, which resembles that of the horse, sends a 
Fie. 594.—F oor oF CRANIUM AND ANTERIOR Part OF VERTEBRAL CANAL OF OX. 
1, Vertebral artery; 2, muscular branches of 1; 3, branches of / to the rete mirabile; 4, 5, branches of internal max- 
illary artery to rete; 6, branch of internal maxillary artery entering cranium through foramen ovale; 7, condyloid ar- 
tery; 8, emergent artery from rete,distributed like internal carotid artery of horse; 9, 9’, longitudinal vertebral sinuses; 
a, cribiform plate; 6, optic formina; c, for. orbito-rotundum; d, foramen ovale; e, occipital condyle; f, g, h, first, 
second, and third cervical vertebre. (After Leisering’s Atlas.) 
stylo-mastoid branch into the tympanum. It may arise from the superficial 
temporal. 
(8) The superior parotid artery arises near the termination of the external 
carotid and enters the upper part of the parotid gland. 
(4) The masseteric artery resembles that of the horse, but is smaller; it may 
arise from the internal maxillary artery. 
The superficial temporal artery is large and presents the following special 
features: (1) The transverse facial artery passes into the central part of the masse- 
ter. (2) It gives off a branch which corresponds to the posterior meningeal artery 
of the horse, enters the temporal canal, and ramifies in the dura mater, giving off 
twigs to the external ear, the temporal muscle, and the frontal sinus. (3) It 
usually gives off the anterior auricular artery. (4) A large branch passes around 
the outer side of the base of the horn-core, supplies the corium of the horn, and 
anastomoses across the back of the frontal eminence with the artery of the opposite 
side. (5) Other branches go to the frontal muscles and skin and to the orbital 
fat, the lacrimal glands, and the eyelids. 
