ARTERIES OF THE PELVIC LIMB ZTE 
The renal arteries arise from the aorta close together. The right one passes 
outward and forward across the dorsal face of the posterior vena cava to the hilus 
of the kidney. The left one runs backward, but necessarily varies in direction in 
conformity with the position of the kidney (q. v.). 
The spermatic arteries resemble those of the horse. 
The utero-ovarian arteries are small. 
The five pairs of lumbar arteries derived from the aorta are distributed much 
as in the horse. The sixth usually comes from the internal iliac artery. 
The middle sacral artery is a vessel about 5 mm. in diameter which continues 
the aorta. It arises from the dorsal face of the aorta at the angle of divergence of 
the internal iliacs, runs backward on the pelvic surface of the sacrum a little to the 
left of the median line, and is continued as the middle coccygeal artery. It gives 
off small collateral branches to the spinal cord and the muscles of the tail and the 
lateral coccygeal arteries. The latter may have a common trunk of origin, and 
each divides into dorsal and ventral branches. The middle coccygeal artery runs 
through the ventral (hemal) arches of the coceygeal vertebre. The coccygeal 
arteries are connected at pretty regular intervals by segmental anastomoses. 
The internal iliac arteries are much longer than in the horse. Each passes 
backward on the sacro-sciatic ligament and divides about the middle of the pelvic 
wall into posterior gluteal and internal pudie branches. The chief differences in 
its distribution are: (1) A large trunk gives origin to the umbilical and middle 
uterine arteries. The umbilical artery is usually largely obliterated, and its terminal 
branches receive their blood through anastomoses with the internal pudic. It 
gives off near its origin two small vessels, the ureteral artery (A. ureterica) and the 
deferential artery (A. deferentialis), which accompany the ureter and the ductus 
deferens respectively. The middle uterine artery (A. uterina media) is very large. 
It is distributed chiefly to the cornu of the uterus, and compensates for the small 
size of the utero-ovarian artery. (2) The ilio-lumbar artery is relatively small 
and is distributed chiefly to the sublumbar muscles. It is sometimes replaced by 
branches of the circumflex iliac and gluteal arteries. (3) The anterior gluteal 
artery is commonly represented by several vessels. (4) The obturator artery is 
represented by several small branches which supply the obturator and adductor 
muscles. (5) The iliaco-femoral and lateral sacral arteries are absent. The 
absence of the latter is compensated by the middle sacral and gluteal arteries. (6) 
The posterior gluteal artery is large. It emerges through the lesser sciatic notch 
and ramifies in the biceps femoris and adjacent muscles. (7) The internal pudic 
artery (A. urethro-genitalis) is the direct continuation of the internal iliac. It 
gives off branches to the rectum, bladder, urethra, and genital organs. In the 
male it supplies the accessory genital glands and divides into dorsal and deep arteries 
of the penis; the a. dorsalis penis runs along the dorsum penis to the glans and gives 
twigs to the prepuce; the a. profunda penis gives off a perineal branch and enters 
the corpus cavernosum penis. In the female it gives off the large posterior uterine 
artery, which supplies the posterior part of the uterus and gives branches to the 
vagina and bladder. It ends as the a. clitoridis, which supplies the clitoris and 
adjacent parts. 
ARTERIES OF THE PELVIC LIMB 
The external iliac artery has the same course as in the horse. The circumflex 
iliac artery is large. A branch from it emerges between the abdominal and lumbar 
muscles near the tuber cox and ramifies like the terminals of the ilio-lumbar 
artery of the horse. 
The femoral and popliteal arteries pursue a similar course to those of the horse. 
The chief differences in their branches are as follows: 
1. The external pudic artery is distributed chiefly to the scrotum in the male. 
