742 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF THE DOG 
The lumbar lymph glands are scattered along the abdominal aorta and the vena 
cava. Those placed near the hilus of the kidney are often designated renal. 
The internal iliac lymph glands are rounded and relatively large. They 
comprise: (1) Three or four glands situated on and between the origin of the cir- 
cumflex iliac and the external and internal iliac arteries; (2) a gland in the angle 
of divergence of the internal iliac arteries; (3) several glands along the course of 
the external iliac artery, the most ventral of which is usually the largest, and might 
be regarded as a deep inguinal gland. 
The external iliac lymph glands are small, three or four in number, and lie in 
front of the circumflex iliac vessels. 
The visceral lymph glands of the abdomen comprise the following: 
1. The gastric lymph glands are situated on the lesser curvature of the stomach, 
covered by the pancreas in situ. They are commonly five or six in number and are 
in series with the hepatic glands. 
2. Several hepatic lymph glands (Fig. 429) are present about the portal vein 
at the portal fissure. The largest ones are about an inch (ca. 2-8 cm.) long. 
3. A long splenic lymph gland lies on the splenic vessels near the dorsal end 
of the spleen. 
4. The mesenteric lymph glands are situated along the anastomotic arches 
formed by the vessels of the small intestine. 
5. Several cecal lymph glands are situated along the first part of the cecal 
vessels. 
6. Two series of colic lymph glands accompany the arteries of the spiral part of 
the colon, and are exposed by separating the coils of the bowel. Small glands are 
placed in the colic mesentery and above the rectum. 
7. The anal lymph glands are situated on either side on the retractor ani. 
A small ischiatic lymph gland is found on the sacro-sciatic ligament near the 
lesser sciatic notch. 
The prefemoral lymph gland is situated on the aponeurosis of the external 
oblique muscle at the anterior border of the tensor fascize late, and a little above the 
middle of the thigh. It has an elongated oval outline, and in the adult may be 
about two inches (ca. 5 em.) long, and nearly an inch (ca. 2 em.) wide. It is em- 
bedded in fat. 
The superficial inguinal lymph glands form an extensive group, which may be 
five inches or more (ca. 10-12 cm.) in length. The middle part of the group is at 
the external inguinal ring, and the series extends back on the upper part of the 
gracilis and forward and outward on the aponeurosis of the obliquus abdominis 
externus. They number about a dozen; the largest are about an inch (ca. 2-3 em.) 
long, and the others about the size of a pea. 
The popliteal lymph glands are small normally and may escape notice. They 
are more superficially placed than in the other animals, and are in part in contact 
with the skin. 
A few small tarsal glands occur in front of the distal part of the tendo Achillis. 
The occurrence of a gland in the subcutaneous fat about a handbreadth above the 
tuber calcis has been noted by Hartenstein; it varies from the size of a pea to that 
of a hazel nut. 
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF THE DOG 
THE PERICARDIUM AND HEART 
The pericardium is attached to the sternal part of the diaphragm by a fibrous | 
band, the pericardiaco-phrenic ligament (Lig. pericardiaco-phrenicum). and is con- 
nected with the sternum only by the mediastinal pleura. 
