THE LYMPHATIC 
SYSTEM 757 
The axillary lymph gland lies in a mass of fat on the medial face of the distal 
5 em.) wide in a 
part of the teres major. 
large dog. Exceptionally a second smaller 
gland is present. 
The cubital lymph gland is usually 
absent. When present, it is situated on 
the medial face of the long head of the 
triceps or on the latissimus dorsi. 
Intercostal lymph glands do not ap- 
pear to be present. 
Two sternal lymph glands (Fig. 613) 
are usually present, one on each side. 
They are situated on the course of the 
internal thoracic vessels, usually at the 
second sternebra. A third node may be 
present in front of the more constant one, 
and in some cases, on the other hand, the 
gland is absent on one side. In large dogs 
the gland may be nearly an inch long. 
The mediastinal lymph glands are 
variable in number and arrangement. 
None have been found in the posterior 
mediastinum, and the following statement 
is to be understood merely as an account 
of what is most oftenfound. Two or three 
glands usually occur on the ventral face of 
the trachea, cesophagus, and brachioceph- 
alic artery to the left of the anterior vena 
cava; they are related ventrally to the thy- 
mus, when the latter is not too much re- 
duced. Others may be found on the lateral 
face of the brachiocephalic artery. One 
or two glands are usually present between 
the trachea and the anterior vena near 
the thoracic inlet, and one or two are on 
the right side of the trachea, dorso-lateral 
to the right brachial artery. Another lies 
on the trachea at the crossing of the vena 
azygos over that tube. 
The bronchial lymph glands are usu- 
allyfourinnumber. The largest one (Lg. 
bifureationis) is situated in the angle of 
divergence of the chief bronchi, to which 
it is adapted, so that it is somewhat V- 
shaped. Another lies on the left bronchus 
at its bifurcation and in the angle between 
the aortic arch and the left pulmonary 
artery. A third smaller one lies on the 
right bronchus, lateral to the cesophagus; 
it is not always present. 
relation in front to the vena azygos. 
It is discoid and is about an inch (ca. 
Fic. 624.—Scusiumpar AND Petyic Lympa GLANbDS 
or Dog. 
1, 1’, Renal lymph glands; 2, lumbar lymph glands; 
3, 3’, 4, 4’, internal iliac lymph glands; 5, 5’, medial 
sacral lymph glands; 6, 6’, lateral sacral lymph glands; 
7, 7’, external iliac lymph glands; a, a’, kidneys; 6, 6’, 
crura of diaphragm; c, c’, psoas minor; d, d’, ilio- 
psoas; e, e’, sacro-coccygeus ventralis; f, f’, coecy- 
geus; JI, posterior vena cava; JJ, abdominal aorta; 
III, ITI’, renal arteries; IV, IV’, renal veins; V, V’, 
VI, VI’, circumflex iliac v Is; VII, VII’, external 
iliac arteries; VIII, VIII’, internal iliac arteries; IX, 
middle sacral artery; X, X’, parietal branches of in- 
ternal iliac arteri XI, XI’, visceral branches of in- 
ternal iliae arteries; XII, XII’, common iliac veins; 
XIII, XIII’, external iliac veins; XIV, XIV’, in- 
ternal iliac veins. (After Merzdorf). 
A fourth is anterior to the root of the apical bronchus, in 
These glands are commonly black, and the 
same is true of the gland on the right side of the trachea in relation to the vena 
azygos, indicating that all of these glands receive lymph from the lungs. 
Minute pulmonary lymph glands occur in the lungs along the bronchial branches. 
