THE AURICULAR MUSCLES 873 
and is inserted by a flat tendon into the lower part of the convex surface of the 
concha under cover of the cervico-auricularis superficialis. 
4. The posterior auricular muscles (Mm. auriculares aborales) are three in 
number: 
(a) The cervico-auricularis superficialis is a thin triangular sheet. It is wide 
at its origin from the nuchal crest and the adjacent part of the ligamentum nuche, 
and becomes narrower as it passes outward to be inserted into the medial side of 
the convex surface of the concha. 
(b) The cervico-auricularis profundus major arises from the ligamentum 
nuchx, partly beneath and partly behind the preceding muscle. It is directed 
outward and is inserted into the postero-lateral aspect of the base of the ear, partly 
under cover of the parotido-auricularis. 
(c) The cervico-auricularis profundus minor arises under the preceding 
Fic. 700.—ExTeERNAL Ear oF Horse AND 1Ts Muscies; LATERAL VIEW. 
The cervico-auricularis superficialis has been removed. 2, Posterior border; 3, anterior border of auricula; 8, 
scutiform cartilage; 9, zygomatic arch; n, parotido-auricularis; o, zygomatico-auricularis; 0’, scutulo-auricularis 
superficialis inferior; o”, scutulo-auricularis superficialis medius et superior; p, interscutularis; p’, fronto-scutularis 
(pars temporalis); g, cervico-auricularis profundus major; s, anterior oblique muscle of head; ¢, splenius; y, tendon of 
brachiocephalicus; z, wing of atlas. (After Ellenberger-Baum, Anat. fiir Kiinstler.) 
muscle and passes downward and outward to be inserted into the lowest part of 
the convex surface of the concha, partly under cover of the parotid gland. 
5. The parotido-auricularis (s. M. auricularis inferior) is a ribbon-like muscle 
which lies on the parotid gland. It is thin and wide at its origin from the fascia on 
the lower part of the parotid gland, and becomes somewhat narrower and thicker 
as it ascends. It is inserted into the conchal cartilage just below the angle of junc- 
tion of its borders. : 
6. The deep auricular or rotator muscles (M. auricularis profundi s. rotatores 
auriculze), two in number, are situated under the scutiform cartilage and the base 
of the concha and cross each other. 
(a) The scutulo-auricularis profundus major is the strongest of the auricular 
muscles. It is flat and is about an inch wide. It arises from the deep face of the 
