THE HOOF 889 
sole by horn of lighter color and softer texture, which appears on the ground surface 
of the hoof as the so-called white line (Zona lamellata). 
Wall 
Lamine of wall 
Laminar corium 
Third phalanx 
Digital cushion 
Bar 
Fre 1d 
Space between 
bar and frog 
Angle of wall 
Periople of heel 
Fic. 711.—Cross-secTion OF Foot oF Horse, Cur PARALLEL WITH THE CoRONARY BORDER. 
The wall appears much thicker at the angles than it actually is, because it is cut very obliquely. 
In the case of unshod horses at liberty the wall is usually worn off to the level of the adjacent 
sole, but if the ground is too soft the wall is likely to become unduly long and split or break or 
undergo deformation. On very hard or rough ground, on the other hand, the wear may be in ex- 
Periople 
Coronary 
groove 
Wall 
Lamine 
Periople of heel 
Frog 
Ridge formed 
White lir Sole by bar and frog 
€ ve 
Fic. 712.— Har or Hoor or Horse; INTERNAL SURFACE. 
cess of the growth. In the ease of shod horses it is necessary to remove the excess of growth of the 
wall at each shoeing. The thickness of the wall at the toe, quarters, and heels is about in the 
ratio of 4: 3: 2 for the fore foot and about 3 : 24: 2 for the hind foot. 
2. The sole (Basis s. solea ungulz) forms the greater part of the ground sur- 
