Bean Anthracnose 125 



Stoneman (1898:99-112) was the first to discover the ascogenous 

 stage of a Gloeosporium of the Glomcrella type, and she described five 

 species occurring in nature or in culture. These were placed in a new 

 genus of the Gnomoniaceae which Stoneman named Gnomoniopsis. Since 

 then the perfect stages of at least thirty-two other Gloeosporia or Colle- 

 totricha have been found in nature or produced in culture. Von Schrenk 

 and Spaulding (1903), because of a prior use of the name Gnomoniopsis, 

 substituted for it the name Glomerella. 



Shear and Wood (1907, a and b, and 1909) have produced in culture 

 the perfect stage of anthracnose fungi from a large number of hosts, and 

 among them what they believed to be the ascigerous perithecia of Colleto- 

 trichum lindemuthianum. They say that light, temperature, and moisture 

 are not factors of much importance in producing this stage. They hold 

 that once a race, a strain, or a generation is obtained that will produce 

 the perithecia, these may be produced in various media and under diverse 

 conditions. Moreover, they state that if a given strain will not produce 

 perithecia in sterilized cornmeal at 75° to 85° F., it is useless to try longer 

 to obtain them from that strain. In a later publication (1913:14), after 

 having studied forms on forty-five different hosts and having obtained 

 the ascogenous stage from thirty-six hosts, they refer forms from thirty- 

 nine hosts to Glomerella cingulata (Stonem.) S. et v. S., the one from 

 cotton to Glomerella gossypii Edg., the one from bean to Glomerella 

 lindemuthianum Shear, those from watermelon, cucumber, and squash 

 to Gloeosporium lagenarium (Pass.) Sacc. & Roum., and the one from 

 banana to Gloeosporium musarum Cke. & Mass. 



In the same publication (1913:46-47) Shear and Wood record the 

 finding of perithecia producing asd and ascospores in flasks of cornmeal 

 from cultures made from an anthracnose spot on a bean pod. While 

 the perithecia were abundant, conidia were scarce or wanting. Numerous 

 subsequent plate cultures made from crushed perithecia and asci and from 

 single ascospores produced the usual growth of mycelium and abundance 

 of perithecia with mature asci, but no conidia were seen. Shear and Wood 

 believe this form to be an extreme variation of a condition they have 

 noticed in respect to cultures from other hosts, in that cultures from 

 ascospores produce fewer conidia than do cultures made from conidia. 



Edgerton (1915:255) thinks it doubtful that any perithecial stage 

 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum has ever been seen, and that Shear 



