ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC. 



AVHEN TO PLANT. 



Deciduous Trees and Shrubs and Vines can be planted either in Spring or Fall. 

 In localities where the winters are very severe we recommend Spring planting. 

 Spring is the best time for Evergreens generally. 



HOW TO PLANT. 



Preparation of the Roots. — Cut off smoothly all bruised or broken roots 

 up to the sound wood. This prevents their decaying and hastens the emission of 

 new roots and fibers. 



Preparation of the Top. — This consists in cutting back the top and side 

 branches in such a way as to correspond with the more or less mutilated I'oots, as 

 follows: 



Trees, with branching heads, should have the small branches cut clean out, 

 and the larger ones, intended for the frame work of the tree, cut back till within 

 two oi' three buds of their base. 



In cases wliere there is an abundant root, and small top or few branches, the 

 pruning need be very light, but where the roots are small and the top heavy, 

 severe pruning will be necessary. These remarks are applicable to all Deciduous 

 Trees and Shrubs. Evergreens seldom require pruning, but Arbor Vita? and other 

 Evergreens planted in hedge rows may be advantageously shorn immediately after 

 planting. 



Planting". — Dig holes, in the first place, large enough to admit the roots of the 

 tree to be spread out in their natural position. Then, having the tree pruned as 

 above directed, let one person hold the tree in an upiight position, and the other 

 shovel in the earth, carefully putting in the finest and the best from the surface in 

 among the roots, filling every interstice, and bringing every root in contact with 

 the soil. When the earth is nearly all filled in, a pail of water may be thrown on 

 to settle and wash in the earth around the roots; then fill in the remainder, and 

 tread gently with the foot. Guard against planting too deep. The trees, after 

 the ground settles, should stand in this respect as they did in the nursery. In very 

 dry gravelly ground, the holes should be dug twice the usual size and depth, and 

 filled in with good loamy soil. No manure should be used around the roots at the 

 time of planting, only good surface soil. The manure can be applied on the 

 surface afterwards. 



Staking". — If the trees are tall and much exposed to winds, a stake should be 

 planted with the tree, to which it should be tied in such a manner as to prevent 

 chafing. A piece of matting or cloth may be put between the tree and the stake. 



Mulching". — When the tree is planted, throw around it as far as the roots 

 extend, and a foot beyond, four to six inches deep of rough manure or litter. This 

 is particularly necessary in dry ground, and is highly advantageous everywhere, 

 both in Spring and Fall planting. It prevents the ground from baking or cracking, 

 and maintains an equal temperature about the roots. 



After Culture.— The grass should not be allowed to grow around young 

 trees after being planted, as it stunts their growth and utterly ruins them. The 

 ground should be kept clean and loose around them, until at least they are well 

 established. 



PRUNING. 



Pruning, as practised by some people, has the effect to render trees and shrubs 

 unnatural and inelegant. We refer to the custom of shearing trees, particularly 

 conifers, into cones, pyramids and other unnatural shapes. Every tree, shrub and 



