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more requisite for the Apple, as the roots, extending them- 
_ selves near the surface, are not benefitted by the moisture, 
which is found at a greater distance from the surface of the 
earth. Apple orchards will, however, succeed on any soil ex- 
cept a quicksand or a cold clay, if proper attention is paid to 
keeping the ground in constant cultivation, and manure is re- 
gularly dug or ploughed in around the trees. Olid well rotted 
stable manure, decomposed vegetable mould from swamps 
or woods, and river mud, have been found most suitable for - 
this purpose. 7 | " a 
: ; PEARS. 
These require a deep light soil, in which their perpen- 
dicular roots can easily penetrate—clay, compact, cold, and 
wet soils, do not suit their growth. When the roots of the 
Pear penetrate so as to reach the water, the branches become 
long and slender, and the leaves narrow, changing speedily 
to a yellowish appearance, and the ends of the branches often _ 
perish as if burned. With regard to manuring and keeping 
the ground cultivated, the Pear requires the same attention 
as that prescribed: for the Apple. This tree is, however, 
subject to one malady peculiar to itself, commonly called the 
Fire Blight, or Brulere, which attacks trees in the most 
flourishing state, generally commencing at the top or extre- 
Mity of the branches, and extending downwards. This is 
caused by a stroke of the sun, which extracts the sap from 
the uppermost branches of the tree, or from such as are 
most.exposed to its influence, with more rapidity than it can 
be replaced; or from powerful rays of the sun heating the 
bark to such a degree as to arrest or nullify the progress of 
the sap. It is therefore recommended to plant trees in 
Pear orchards much closer than in those of the Apple. The 
only remedy against these attacks is to immediately saw off 
the branches one or two feet below where the blight extends, 
in which case they generally revive. ~ 
PEACHES. 
The preferable soil for a Peach orchard is a rich sandy 
loam, but this fruit will succeed in any soil with proper at- 
tention to cultivation and manuring ; particular care, how- 
ever, should be taken not to plant a new orchard on the site 
of an old one. It may-be necessary also to remark, that the 
ground where they are planted should be kept in a constant 
state of cultivation, as they become bark-bound and unthrifty 
