(943 2} 
Soil, Culture, &c. 
APPLES. 
Rich strong loams are the soils most conducive to the 
erowth of the Apple—the roots of Apple Trees being more 
horizontal thar perpendicular, they require a soil less deep 
than the Pear, and it is on this account that moist soils are 
more requisite for the Appie, as the roots, extending them- 
selves near the surface, are not benefited by the moisture 
which is found at a greater distance from the surface of the 
earth. Apple orchards will, however, succeed on any soil, 
except a quicksand or a cold clay, if proper attention is paid 
to keeping the ground in constant cultivation, and manure Is 
regularly dug or ploughed in around the trees. Old well 
rotted stable manure, decomposed vegetable mould from 
swamps or woods, and river mud, have been found most suit- 
able for this purpose. 
PEARS. 
These require a deep light soil, in which their perpendi- 
cular roots can easily penetrate—clay, compact, cold, and 
wet soils, do not suit their growth. When the roots of the 
Pear penetrate so as to reach the water, the branches become 
long and slender, and the leaves narrow, changing speedily 
to a yellowish appearance, and the ends of the branches often 
perish as if burned. With regard to manuring and keeping 
the ground cultivated, the Pear requires the same attention 
as that prescribed for the Apple. This tree is, however, 
subject to one malady peculiar to itself, commonly called 
the Fire Blight, ov Brulere, which attacks trees in the most 
flourishing state, generally commencing at the top or extre- 
mity of the branches, and extending downwards. ‘This is | 
caused by a stroke of the sun, which extracts the sap from 
the uppermost branches of the tree, or from such as are 
yost exposed to its influence, with more rapidity than it can 
be replaced ; or from powerful rays of the sun heating the 
bark to such a degree as to arrest or nullify the progress of 
the sap. It is therefore recommended to plant trees in Pear 
orchards much closer than in those of the Apple. The only 
remedy against these attacks is to immediately saw off the 
branches one or two feet below where the blight extends, in 
- which case they generally revive. | 
