6 



Dwarf Standard Trees and Dwarf Bushes— Must be pruned as recom- 

 mended for standards, aiming at producing a round, well-proportioned liead, with 

 the main branches regularly distributed and far enough apart to admit air freely to 

 all parts. 



Yearling Trees Intended for Ptramids. — Some of these may have a few 

 side branches, the smallest of which should be cut clean away, reserving only the 

 strongest and the best placed. In other respects they will be pruned as dkected for 

 trees of two years' growth. 



Those haying no side branches should be cut back so far as to insure the production 

 of a tier of branches within six inches or less of the ground. A strong yearlingj 

 four to six feet, may be cut back about half, and the weaker ones more than that. It 

 is better to cut too low than not low enough, for if the first tier of branches be not 

 low enough, the pyramidal form cannot afterwards be perfected. 



3d. PLANTING-. — Dig holes in the first place, large enough to admit the roots of 

 the tree to spread out in their natural position. Then, having the tree pruned as 

 above directed, let one person hold it in an upright position, and the other shovel in 

 the earth, carefully putting the finest and the best from the sm'face in among the 

 roots, filling every interstice, and bringing every root in contact with the soil. When 

 the earth is nearly filled in, a pail of water may be thrown on to settle and wash in 

 the earth around the roots ; then fill in the remainder, and tread gently with the foot. 

 The use of water is seldom necessary, except in dry weather, early in fall or late in 

 spring. Guard against planting too deep ; the trees, after the ground settles, should 

 stand in this respect as they did in the Nursery. Trees on dwarf stocks should stand 

 so that cdl the stock be under the ground, and no more. In very dry, gravelly ground, 

 the holes should be dug twice the usual size and depth, and filled in with good loamy 

 soil. 



4th. STAKING.— If trees are tall and much exposed to winds, a stake should be 

 planted with the tree, to which it should be tied in such a manner as to avoid chafing. 

 A piece of matting or cloth may be put between the tree and the stake. 



5th. MULCHING.— When the tree is planted, throw around it as far as the roots 

 extend, and a toot beyond, 5 to inches deep of rough manure or litter. This is par- 

 ticularly necessary in diy ground, and is highly advantageous everywhere, both in 

 spring and fall planting. It prevents the ground from baking or cracking, and main, 

 tains an equal temperature about the roots. 



6th. AFTER CULTURE.— The grass should not be allowed to grow aroimd young 

 trees after being planted, as it stunts their growth and utterly ruins them. The ground 

 should be kept clean and loose around them, until at least they are of bearing size. 



Treatment of Trees that haat: been Frozen in the Paceages, or re 

 cer^d during Frosty Weather.— Place the packages, unopened, in a cellar or 

 some such place, cool, but free from frost, until perfectly thawed, when they can "be 

 unpacked, and either planted or placed in a trench, until convenient to plant. Treated 

 thus, they will not be injured by the freezing. Trees procured in the fall for spring 

 planting, should be laid in trenches in a slanting position to avoid the winds ; the 

 situation should also be sheltered and the soil dry. A mulching on the roots and a 

 few evergreen boughs over the tops, will afford good protection. 



