6 HLLWANGEHR & BARRY’S 


HINTS ON «TRANSPLANTENG | Ge 

We cannot attempt to give complete directions on all points connected with Tree 
Planting, but simply a few hints on the more important operations. Every man who 
purchases a bill of Trees, should put himself in possession of ‘* Tue Fruit GARDEN,” 
or some other treatise on Tree Culture, that will furnish him with full and reliable 
instructions on the routine of management. Transplanting is to be considered 
under the following heads: 
ist. THE PREPARATION OF THE SOIL.—For Fruit Trees the soil should be 
dry, either naturally, or made so by thorough drainage, as they will not live or thrive 
on a soil constantly saturated with stagnant moisture. It should also be well pre- 
pared by twice plowing, at least, beforehand, using the subsoil plow after the com- 
mon one, at the second plowing. On new fresh lands, manuring will be unnecessary; 
but on lands exhausted by cropping, fertilizers must be applied, either by turning in 
heavy crops of clover, or well decomposed manure or compost. To ensure a good 
erowth of Fruit Trees, land should be in as good condition as for a crop of wheat, 
corn, or potatoes. 
2d. THE PREPARATION OF THE TREES.—In regard to this important 
operation, there are more fatal errors committed than in any other. As a general 
thing, trees are placed in the ground precisely as they are sent from the Nursery. 
In removing a tree, no matter how carefully it may be done, a portion of the roots 
are broken and destroyed, and consequently the balance that existed in the structure 
of the tree is deranged. This must be restored by a proper pruning, adapted to the 
size, form and condition of the tree, as follows: 
STANDARD ORCHARD TREES.—These, as sent from the Nursery, vary from five to 
seven feet in height, with naked stems or trunks, and a number of branches at the 
top forming a head. These branches should be all cut back to within three cr four 
buds of their base. This lessens the demand upon the roots, and enables the remain- 
ing buds to push with vigor. In the case of older trees of extra size, the pruning 
must be in proportion ; as a general thing, it will be safe to shorten all the previous 
years’ shoots to three or four buds at their base, and where the branches are very 
numerous, some may be cut out entirely. 
PyramMipaL TREES, if of two or three years’ growth, with a number of side 
branches, will require to be pruned with a two-fold object in view, viz: The growth 
of the tree and the desired form. The branches must be cut into the form of a 
pyramid by shortening the lower ones, say one-half, those above them shorter, and 
the upper ones around the leading shoot to within two or three buds of their base. 
The leader itself must be shortened back one-half or more. When trees have been 
dried or injured much by exposure, the pruning must be closer than if in good order. 
DwarF STANDARD TREES AND Dwarr BusHes—Must be pruned as recommended 
for standards, aiming at producing a round, well-proportioned head, with the main 
branches regularly distributed and far enough apart to admit air freely to all parts. 
YEARLING TREES INTENDED FoR Pyramips.—Some of these may have a few side 
branches, the smallest of which should be cut clean away, reserving only the 
strongest and the best placed. In other respects they will be pruned as directed for 
trees of two years’ growth. 
