15 



was simulated. Abscised squares were transferred to chambers in which sub- 

 canopy lighting was simulated. Sub-samples of squares were dissected and the 

 stage of development and mortality recorded. The optimum developmental tempera- 

 ture for the North Carolina boll weevil strain was ca. SCC, since mortality 

 was at a minimum at that temperature and developmental times at 30° and SA'C 

 were very nearly the same. 



23. ; Jones, J. W. ; Bradley, J. R., Jr.; and Bowen, H. D. 1975. 

 Influence of temperature on abscission of cotton squares infested with 

 boll weevil eggs. J. Econ. Entomol. 68: 298-300. 



The mean time from egg deposition of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis 

 Boheman, until square abscission at 5 selected temperatures ranged from 5.8 

 to 18.6 days at 34 Lo IS^C, respectively. At 26''C, ca. 1/2 of the squares 

 remained on the plants longer than 7 days, suggesting that weekly sampling 

 of squares as a basis for treatment decisions may be reflecting accrued in 

 addition to current damage. 



24. Bagga, H. S., and Laster, M. L. 1968. Relation of insects to the initia- 

 tion and development of boll rot in cotton. J. Econ. Entomol. 61: 1141-1142. 



Of the insects causing direct injury tC3*-the cotton boll, boll weevils, Anthonomus 

 grandis Bchcman; bollworms, Heliothis zea (Boddie) ; and tarnished plant bugs, 

 Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), initiated boll rot infection. Initiation 

 of boll infection by boll weevils ranged from 95% to 100%, by bollworms 55% to 

 80%, and by tarnished plant bugs 40% to 70%. Cotton bolls subjected to vinegar 

 flies, Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, and cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusia 

 ni (Hubner) , developed nectary infections which in turn resulted in boll 

 Infection. Initiation of boll infection by vinegar flies ranged from 50% 

 to 60%, and by cabbage looper moths 45% to 70%. Field-collected insects 

 produced nearly as much infection as those held on the cultures of Alternaria 





