and appears to provide unrealistically high suppression estimates. Most re- 

 searchers are in agreement that if pheromone traps are effective in weevil 

 suppression, they must be employed against low-density populations. However, 

 when traps have been employed in conjunction with other methods, such as 

 reproduction-diapause boll weevil control, to achieve the low-density require- 

 ment, the degree of suppression obtained by the separate components has been 

 difficult to determinf^ . The placement of traps within cotton (infield traps) 

 as opposed to placement around the margins of cotton fields does not appear to 

 offer any major improvement in weevil suppression unless the population is ex- 

 tremely small. However, research on the use of the infield trapping system in 

 conjunction with insecticide is currently being conducted, and evaluation of 

 this two component system has not been completed. At present, the employment 

 of pheromone traps for boll weevil suppression cannot be recommended with con- 

 fidence to Texas producers. 



76. , and Rummel, D. R. 1978. Response of Heliothls populations to insecti- 

 cides applied in an area-wide reproduction Jiapause boll weevil suppression 

 program. J. Econ. Entomol. 71: 87-92. 

 Applications of malathion and azinphosmethyl to cotton during the fall 

 to reduce prehibernating populations ot" Anthonomus grandis Boheman pro- 

 duced an immediate ecological disruption as evidenced by the»- increase of 

 nontarget pests, Heliothls zea (Boddie) and H. virescens (F.). At peak 

 densities, Heliothls populations were 4-, to 12-fold greater in treated 

 than in untreated fields and commonly reached higher levels in cotton 

 fields treated with azinphosmethyl. Hcwever, these populations caused 

 little, if any, economic damage since the Heliothis- f ceding damage was 

 confined largely to immature cotton fruits which had little chance of 

 attaining harvest maturi,ty. Further, no carry-over effect of the late- 

 season Heliothls buildup was detected during the subsequent spring and 



i^';i^Bem 



