/; 



425 



management systems. An "Optimum Pest Management" trial will therefore be 

 conducted in Panola County, Mississippi concurrently with the "Boll Weevil 

 Eradication" trial scheduled for North Carolina in 1978. The economic, 

 biological, social and environmental impacts of the two methods of controlling 

 the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, can then be compared by environ- 

 mental, economic, and biological evaluation teams. Finally the data thus 

 developed wi 11 be made available to the overall, evaluation team that will make 

 the final judgment of the best approach to boll weevil control. USDA has the 

 lead responsibility for developing data for the biological evaluation team and 

 for conducting supporting research for both trials. In anticipation of this 

 responsibility, a prototype program was conducted in 1977 in Panola and Pontotoc 

 Counties, Mississippi to develop baseline data and to evaluate and refine tech- 

 niques that would be used in the two trials. 



834. Smith, R. F. 1978. History and complexity of integrated pest management. 



In Edward H. Smith and David Pimentel (eds.). Pest Control Strategies, 



pp. 41-43. Academic Press, New York. 

 The concept of integrated pest management is not a distinct development in 

 crop protection, but is an evolutionary stage in the history of pest control. 

 It is significantly different from earlier strategies in that it represents a 



new conceptual approach that sets crop protection in a new cofttext within a 

 crop production system. Many components of the integrated pest management 

 concept were developed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, 

 but integrated pest management as it is now conceived is unique because it is 

 based on ecological principles and integrates multidiscipinary methodologies in 

 developing agroecosystem management strategies that are practical, o\" active, 

 economical, and protective of both public health and the environment. The 

 efforts of early crop protection specialists to control pests with ecologically 



