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based cultural methods were not satisfactory; consequently, entomologists, 

 plant pathologists, and later, weed scientists, became preoccupied with the 

 discovery and development of pesticides that were economical and effective. 

 Unfortunately, chemical methods were often not used to supplement cultural 

 and biological methods of control but to supplant them. Our state of technology 

 and understanding of host-pest interactions has now evolved to the point that 

 an integration of pest control tactics for the control of a given class of 

 pest (e.g., insects, plant pathogens, etc.) and for multiple classes of pests 

 is not only feasible but necessary, given the inadequacies of single-methods, 

 single-discipline approaches and their potential for undesirable effects on 

 nontarget beneficial and pest species. 



835. ; Huffaker, C. B.; Adkisson, P. L.; and Newsom, L. D. 1974. Progress 

 achieved in the implementation of integrated control projects in the 

 USA and tropical countries. EPPO Bull. 4: 221-229. 



General accomplishments of a large co-operative research program in the United 

 States is reviewed. Examples of the developments of integrated pest control 

 for the cotton and soybean agro-ecosystems are given. The uses of simulation 

 models are emphasized. Progress of integrated control in tropical counties is 

 discussed. 



836. Snodgrass, G. L.; Johnson, W. L.; and Cross, W. H. 1979, Efficiency of 

 the Leggett trap in capturing responding boll weevils. J. Econ. Entomol. 

 72: 378-379. 



Leggett traps watched continuously during daylight hours were observed in 

 2 tests involving different techniques to capture 51 and 59% of responding 

 Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman. Capture efficiency was greatly affected 

 by the trap part on which boll weevils landed; 53.4% of those landing on 

 the trap liners were captured compared with only 28.6% of those landirg 



