427 



on other trap parts. Boll weevils remained on the traps an avg of 18.47 

 min before they were captures; those not captured remained on traps an 

 avg of 14.58 min before leaving. ' ' .' 



837. Souza, J. P. de, and Goncalves, A. M. R. 1978. Alternative route to 

 three of the four terpenoid components of the boll weevil sex pheromone. 

 J. Org. Chem. 43: 2068-2069. 



The ecological imbalance and environmental pollution due to insecticide residues 

 has stimulated a great interest in the synthesis of pheromones, since they may 

 provide a generally nontoxic method of biological control of insect populations. 

 A pheromone complex emitted by live male boll weevils ( Anthonomus grandis 

 Boheman) comprising the four terpemoid compounds (+) -cis- 2-isopropenyl-l- 

 methylcyclobutaneethanol (1), (Z)-3,3-dimethyl-A^ ' ^-cyclohexaneethanol (2), 

 (Z)-3,3-dimethyl-A^'"-cyclohexaneacetaldehyde (3), and (E)-3,3-dimethyl-Al 'O"- 

 cyclohexaneacetaldehyde (4) were identified and first synthesized by Tumlinson 

 et al. We report a simple sequence of reactions which afford the synthesis of 

 alcohol 2 and aldehydes 3 and 4 in high yield from readily available starting 

 materials. 



838. Sprague, G. F., and Dahms, R. G. 1972. Development of crop resistance to 

 insects. J. Environ. Qual. 1: 28-34. 



The develrjpment of host resistance to insect pests offers promise of reducing 

 yield losses as well as a material reduction in the use of insecticides. A 

 review of progress and the current situation is presented for selected insect 

 pests, Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) , European corn borer (Ostrinia 

 nubilalis) , boll weevil ( Anthonomus grandis ) , corn earworra and cotton bollworm 

 ( Heliothis zea) , pea aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ), spotted alfalfa aphid ( Therio- 

 aphis maculata ), potato leaf hopper ( Empoasea f abae ) , and the alfalfa weevil 

 ^ypera postica ) . With the exception of the Hessian fly the only feasible 



