A68 



923. . 1973. Axenic rearing of larvae and adults of the boll weevil on 

 defined diets: additional tests with amino acids and vitamins. Ann. 

 Entomol. Soc. Am. 66: 1184-1186. 

 Studies of the requirements of Anthonomus grandis Boheman for the indispen- 

 sable amino acids were extended. Semiquantitative requirements for histidine, 

 isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, 

 and valine were established for weevils grown on an amino acid diet that had 

 proved satisfactory previously. Tryrosin<2 neither replaced nor spared pheny- 

 lalanine when it was substituted for all or part of the phenylalanine. The 

 boll weevil was found to require dietary biotin when it was fed an amino acid 

 diet, but no requirement for vitamin B, ~ was observed for a single generation. 

 Four generations of boll weevils were reared under aseptic conditions when 

 both larvae and adults were fed a sterile defined diet. 



92A. . 1974. Development, significance and application of artificial 



diets for insects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 19: 139-160. 

 Artificial diets were first developed for insects that could easily be main- 

 tained in the laboratory on natural foods. The insects' food was replaced 

 with substances of known nutrient quality as the nvtrients for animals were 

 discovered. The, diets of known composition, designated as defined diets, 

 were used to determine the nutrient requirements of insects. Practical diets 

 could be made by combining unrefined materials with known nutrient supple- 

 ments. Diets are now widely used for laboratory rearing and many are being 

 used successfully for the mass production of insects. In recent years, many 

 species of plan:;-feeding insects have been reared, and diets for several 

 parasites and predators and have been used successfully. Laboratory rearing 

 of insects has made it possible to study not only their nutrition but also 

 their biochemistry, behavior, and other biological processes. Mass produc- 

 tion of insects has provided a large supply for studies in methods of con- 



