Plinies Naturall Hiftork, 



ChAP. Is 



^ ofEurcpe. 



Ndfirftj as touching Europejthcnourccofnhat people which is the cod- 

 qiierourof all nations 5 and bcfides, of all lands by many degrees mofl 

 beautifull : which may for right good caufc^ have made not the third 

 portion ofthecarthjbut the one halfe (dividing the whole globe of the 

 I earth into two parts :) to wit^ from the river Tanais unto the Streights 

 I of Gades. The Ocean then, at this fpace above- faid 3 cntreth into the 

 B ^^^i^h^^i^ Atlantickc fca, and with a grecdie current drowneth thofe lands which 

 dread hiscomming like a tyrant;but where he mecteth with any that are 

 like to refiftj thofe hcpafleth juft by, and with his winding turnes andrcachesjhe eateth and hol- 

 lowetli the fhorc continually to gaine ground, making many noukes and creekes every where: 

 but in Europe moft of all, wherein foure cfpeciall great gulfes are to be feenc. 



Of which, the firft, from Calpe the utmoft promOntorie (asisabove-faid) of Spaine,win- 

 dethandturnethwitban exceeding greatcompafre,toLocri,andasfarreas thcpromontorie 

 Brutium. Within it licth the firft land of all orherSjSpainc^thatpart I meanc, which in regard 

 ofus at Romc,is the farther otf, and is named alfo Bostica. And anon from the Firth Virgitanus, 

 the hither part, otherwife called Tarraconcnfis, asfarreastothe hills Pyrencei, That farther pars 

 C oflargerSpaine, is divided into two provinces in the length thereof :for on the North fide of 

 BoeEica,Iyeth Lufitaniaafront, divided from it by the river Ana* 



This river beginneth in the tcrritorie Laminitanus ofthe hither Spainc,one wliilefpreading 

 outitfelfeintobroadpoolesor meeresjOtherwhilesgatheringinto narrow brookes i oraltogi- 

 ther hidden under the ground, and taking pleafure to rife up oftentimes in many places, falleth 

 into the Spanifh AtlantickOcean.But the part named Tarraconenfis^Iyingfatt upon Pyrena^us, 

 and ("hooting along all the fide thereof, and withall, ftretching out it felfe overthwart and crofie 

 from the Iberian lea to the Gauls Occan,isfeparatcd from Boetica and Lufitania, by the moun- 

 taine Salarius, and the cliffes of the Oretanes,Carpetanes,and Afturians. 



Boetica, fo called of the river Boetis,that cutteih in the mids, out-goeth all the other provin- 

 D ces for rich furniture, and a certaine plentifull trimncfle and peculiar beautie by it felfc. Therein 

 are held foure folemne ludiciall great Affizes aiid Parliaments, according to foure Counties or 

 Shires s to wit, the Gaditane, Cordubian_, Aftigitane, and Hilpalenfis . Townesinit are all in 

 number 175 ; whereof there arc Colonies, eight 3 free BorougheSj eights townes endued with 

 the auncicnt franchifes of Latiumip: with Freedomejfixe 5 Confederate, foure^Triburarie 

 paying cuftome, X 20. Of which, thofe that be worth the naming, and are more currant in the 

 Latine tongue, be thefe under-written '.to wit, On the river Anaiide and the Ocean coali, the 

 <:itieO(!bnoba,furnamedalfoLufturia.Thererunncbetweenc,Luxiaand Vrium,two rivers.The 

 hills Ariani:thc river Boetis: the fhore Corenfc,with a winding creeke. Over-againft which, ly* 

 cth Gadesjto be fpoken of among the Hands. The Cape or Head of lano : the haven Befippo. 

 ^ Towhes, Belon, and Mellaria.The Streights or Firth out of the Atlanticke fea . Carteia, called 

 Terteffos by the Greekes^and the mountains Calpe. Then, within the firme land, thetownc 

 Barbefula, with the river. //fw?, the towneSalbula^Suel-Malacha upon the river of our Confe- 

 derates. Next to thefc, Menoba with a river : Sexi-firmum, furnamcd liilium : Sclaubina, Ab- 

 dera, and Murgis the frontier lowne of Boetica. All that whole coaft, Jgrippa thought to 

 have had their beginning and difcent from the Canliaginians. From Ana, there lycth againtt 

 the Adanticke Ocean, the region of the Baftuli and the Turduli, . 

 • M, V^rro faith, that there cntred into all parts of Spain©,the Herians, P€tfians,Ph2enicianSj 

 Celtes,and Carthaginians orAfricanesr for Lufmyihz companion of Father Z/^fr or Liba^ 

 (which fignifieth the frantickefarie of thofe that raged with him) gave the name to Lufitaniaj 

 and Pan was the governour of it all.But thole things which are reported of Hercules and Pyrcm^ 

 or of Sarumtj I thinkc to be as vainc and fabulous tales as any other. As for Boetis^ in the Tarra- 

 eonenfian province, rifing, not as fome have faid, at the townc Menrcfa, but in the chafe or foi- 

 leftTugrenfiSjwhich thcrivcrTader watereth,asit doth the Carthaginian pale alfo at Ilorcum, 

 /liunnqth the funerall fire and fepukhrc of Sffp/o: and turning into the WeftjmakcEh toward 



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