Plinies Natuall Hiftdfie. 537 



A No creatures living, but man and woman, hiiVip.Chins ai'id I"aw2§, The ri\?er Crocodile al(>i\« chin cjr Uw- 

 mooveth the upper chaw ; the land Crocodiles jchcw as other creatures doe,butonly bias.. . . • ' 



Of Teeth, there be three forts : for ei ther they be framed Jike ra;w.es3 or erlle fet flat, even, and Teak 

 levell : or laft of all,fland gabbing out of the mouth . The law t.eej;ji run one betvveehe a.not;ber, 

 as if two combs grew togither,becaule they fhould not weare if they, met one v^ith. another ^as we 

 fee in ferpents, filhes,and dogs .Horles and men havc.their teeth of one even levelh The Borej 

 the water-Horfe, and the Elephants, have their tuskes and fangs (ticking forth . Of ihofe teeth 

 which are firiOoth and meet jujft one againft another; iuch as divide and cutthe n1eat,bec bro$d 

 edged, as tlie fore-teeth : thofe that grind and chew^ be double, and iland within the chaw : but 

 fuch as fever and part the meat in the mouih,be fharpe pointed : arid we call them pur eie-iecths 



B theLatines3C;a?;/«/?^,0r Dog-teeth. And thefeare they, that of fa w- teeth be the. longeft . Even 

 and Ievell-raunged teeth,be either in both chawesalike,asin an h.orfeior elsihey be wanting be- 

 fore in the upper chaw^ as in Kine3BulsjOxen^Sheep,and all fuch as chew cud.Goats jbavc npn?: 

 above but the two foreteeth. None have gabbed tusks {landing forth of the mouEhjWhofe teeth 

 are fafhioned like a faw.The females of them that have thofe fangs and tuskes,if haply they havi? 

 the like (for fcldome they are feene with fuch) make no offenfivc ufe of them at all : for whereas 

 the Bores doe fl:rike with them,the Sowes only doc but bite. No horned beafi hath fuch tuskes ; 

 But all thofe have hollow teethjwhereas in all the refljthey be foiuld and fblid^lffifhes be too- 

 thed like fawesjfave only the Guilt-head Scarus 3 for this only of all creatures living within the 

 water, hath an even couife of teeth.Furthermore, many fifliCs bee found to have ibeir mouth, 



C yea and their tongue^ covered and befet all over with teeth : to the end, that by the meanes oi 

 many wounds (as it were) they might make foft their meat, which otherwife they could no? po^ 

 fibly chew and teare. In many the teeth ftand in thepallat and roufs of their mouth , yea and in 

 their very taiIe.Morcover,fome there be that have them crooking inwardly to the mouth, that 

 the meat might not fall out againe : as having no other meancs to hold it in . Alfo, the Afpidcs 

 and Serpents are likewife toothed,but they have above, both on the right fide and the left , two 

 teeth that be very long,and thofe arc hollowed within after then}annerof fmall pipesjiks to the 

 flings of Scorpions, by which they difcharge their poifon , Thebeft writers who havefearched 

 moit curioufly into the iecrets of Nature,doe hold. That the venomc of Serpents is nought elfe 

 but their gall: and that by certaineveines under their ridge bone, the lamepaffeth along to the 



P mouth. Some fay, that a Serpent hath but one venomous tooth j which becaufe it is crooked, 

 therefore he turncth and bendeth it upright when he would ifing or bite withall. Others affirme, 

 that ar fuch a time the fame filleth ouE,3nd a new comnicrh up againe and groweth in the place ; 

 for eafie it is to be driven or Uiaken out ; and we fee fomc of them liandled and carried in mens 

 boibnis,withoiit that tooth. It is faid moreover, that the Scorpions have the like tooth in their 

 taile, and moft of them three togidier. Vipers teeth are covered and lie h.iddo\ within their 

 gumbs.Thislerpent being full of poifonjredoubleth herpricke,andat every bit Ictteth inpoi- 

 lon into the wound. No flying foule hath tceth,fave oncly the Bat or winged-moufe. Of all crea- 

 tures which beare no hornes.the Camell onely hath no forcteedi in the upper chaw.Such as be 



_ horned, have no law- teeth. Snailes likewife have teeth : witncife the leaves and tendrils of vines^ 



E which the very lead of them all do gnaw and eat away. But for Sea- filliCs, That chofe which live 

 in fliells,or be grifily,l'hould have theirforeteethj and namely,that the fea-Vrchins five apeece 5 

 I cannot but wonder how men could come by the knowledge. Infe^ls, in fkad of teeth, have a 

 fliarpe prick to fling withall. Apes have teeth even as men. An Elephant hath foure teeth with- 

 in to chew with, (befides thofe that fland out) which in the males turne and bend upward, but 

 in the female they are flreight,and fbut diredly downward. The fifh alfo called Miifculus Marir 

 pus, which goeth before the Whale or Whirlepooleas his guide, hath no teeth at all j but in 

 ftead thereof, his mouth all within, his tongue alfo and pallatjis rough againe with certaine brir 

 files. The leflTefoure-footedland-beafts, have the two fore-teeth of either fide,Ionger than the 

 reff . As for all other creatures,thcy bring their teeth with them into the world : man only is born 



F . without tbem,& at the leventh moneth they commonly breed.In all other creatures they conti- 

 nue ff ill and i^ick faff ^except men,Lions,Horfcs3Mules,Afles,Dogs, and fuch as chew cud, foe 

 thefe chaunge their teeth : but Lions and Dogs cafl onely the eie-teeth,called Camni in Latine. 

 The eie-cooth of a Wolfe (fo it grow on the right fide of the head) is thought to doe flraunge 

 matters. Tlie great grinders which fland beyond the eye-teeth, in no creature v«hatfoever do fall 



G g out 



