Pliliies Naturall Hiftohe. 4;57 



A guirkrtds, who wan prizes at thole facred and folcmnc gamesjOJyn1pia,Ifthmi3jPythia,and 

 Ncmoea. Howbeit the manner was then, and (b concinueth to this day. To give chaplets to the 

 faid victours^notin their owne name, but in the behalfe of their native counirya which by open 

 proclamation they pronounce to be crowned and honoured thereby . And hereof it came alib, 

 that fuch coronets and chaplets were graunted to them that (liould triumph , yea and loon after 

 to thole alfo who had woon the prize in anypublick games^iipon condition to dedicate them to 

 the temple of the gods. *! 



To difcourfe whacRomanc cittizen received this honour firft of a chaplet or coronet , wi^fea 

 long peeccofworkejand nothing pertinent to our purpofe and matter in hand 5 confidering that 

 they were acquainted with none at all^but in regard of fcrvice performed in the warres. Yet thus 



^ much I may averrc for certeinjThatno ration underheaven^nayput them all togirhcr^caijiliew 

 fo many forts of chaplets and coronetSjas this one itate and people otKome. K. Romnlm crow? 

 ned Bojltfs Hofltlim with a guirland of bare grecne leaves, for that in the foicing anxl ruining of 

 Fidena,he brake firfl into the citie and made way for the reft . This man was grandfirc to T uUm 

 HsplmVing^ of Rome. Semblably in the warre againft the Samnites, wherein Cormltm Cofim 

 the Gonfull was L. Gcnerallj the whole armie crowned ? J^ectus the father with a chaplet of 

 greenelcavesjwho then was a martiall Tribune orGoloneliovera regiment of Ibuldiors^ fo£ 

 that he had faved and delivered the faid armie, ' 6 4 si 



But now to comeagaineto ourCivicke guirland, itwasmadcat firft of the Ilex or Holme 

 tree leaves: afterwards men tooke abetter liking to make it of theiElcuIus, a tree conlecrated 



C to Upter^ They ftaied not there jbut chaunged foonc after with the common okc 3 neither made 

 they any precife choife^but tooke the leaves of that which came next.hand , whecefbever they 

 {bund it growing; provided alwaicsthat it bare acorns: for all the honour of thcfcguirknds 

 confifted principally in the maft. Moreover, there belong totliefe Civicke guirlands ftreight 

 hwes and ordinances, in which regard thele chaplets be proud and ftately : and wee may, b^ bold 

 to compare them with that Paragon-coronet of the Grcekes, which paileth ali others, givca 

 folemnly and publiQicd intheprelenceof lupiter^znd made of the wild Olive' dedicated unto 

 him : comparable (I fay) to any crowne or chaplet whatfocver ; even to that, for which acicie in 

 token of joy jwould not fticke to lay open a * breach in their very wall to receive it when it fhould * As the man* 

 enter in. The hwes ordained in thisbehalfe run in this forme. Imprmm^ Hee thatjyto en'yiythe ^^^J^^^^^^^l'^ 



D honour of a, Civicke chaplet^ ought ^ Firfly T 9 have refined a citizen ^ and wit hall to kill the entmk J/J^^/ ^ 

 in whofe daunger he was, Item^ Itisrequired^that the enemies thej time day held the very ground and 

 were maflers hereof^ wherein the refcue was made and the fervice fcrfourmed * Itetn^ That the par tie 

 htm fife fo favedydoeconfefe the thing jforotherwifi allthewitnejfsinthc world avade hot in this 

 ca(ei Item, The man thm delivered^mufi he a free citizen of Rome in an^ hand : for fit cafe that hen 

 were a king which Was thu-s refined ^ if he were a straunger^ nnd came oneljamongjhe auxihariej to 

 aid the Romans ^it would not boot ^nor gaine anjmav this honour for to f^ve hislfe , Item ay that 

 the Gcnerali hirnfelfe were refiued and delivered out ofdxunger^ thcf.artiefor his good fervice jhodd 

 have no more honour done unto him^ than tf he had prcferved hnt a fimple common foi'MmJo-^ hji 

 were-ARomane cttiziem for the makers of thefe ordinances aimed. chiefly althelife of a citizen t^h,^* 



E fiever he waSyWifhont regard of any oi her cir cum fiance. Item, H ee that was onfe crowded -mth thf^ 

 guirland^ was endued alfo with thefs priviledges .- That he might weare it alwaiss after , whcnfee:i\er 

 itpleafed him : Thatf&^often as he came in place ofpMcke plates or games ymenfhpiddtacfaBomabiy. 

 rife up Unto him^jea and the very Senators t hemp Ives ^doe him honour in that fort That he jhould 

 have his place allowed him to fit next to thofi of Senators degree : X hat, both himfelfi,yandalfa fjis fa-, 

 they a»d grandfirc bf the fathers fide yfhonldevef after be exempt from all Civdi^ chAfges-and^^ci^ 

 ffillimmumtiei Thus much concerning the lawcaand priviledges AttendingupontbefC-iM 

 guirland. Siccim Dentatu-^ (as we have Ipccified before) received Iburtecn pf tbifc cbjipjets fpt 

 his good fcrvice : C<ji/?/rfl/i«r/>iix, and he. verily hadoneof them for refeuing ^f^r-v/- 



Ifuj being G enerall of the arm ic. As for Siipio j^fricanu^,\ie rcfufcd thisihonpHt when i t w^as o^f 



F fercdand prefenteil unto him, for faving the lifeof his own father at the journey? an dbatta^^^ 

 TrebiayO the excellentordsrs & cuftoms of thofc times^worthici of immor lalitie & everlafting 

 memoi ie I o the wifdome of men in thofc daics, who alligned nOjOther reward fer fo brave ex- 

 pioitsand isngulat>wof ks, but honor only 1 and wheras all other rtiilitar^ eotqticts thcy^nrichcd 

 and^dorpe^wiikgoldjihdy would not fetth^ life of a citizen at any price. Aplaine andcvidcrit 



Rr profclfiort 



