Plinies Naturall Hiftbrie. 



A man imiriding to mound and empale his cottage round about with a fence of an hedge 5 to th^ 

 end that the uakesfhould notrotj laid a llll under them, of Ivic wood:but fuchwasthevitali 

 force of the faidlvicj thatittoke hold fail: oftheftakcs and elafped them hard, infomuch as by 

 the life thcrcof^thcy alfo came to live ; and evident it was to the eye 3., that the log of Ivie under- 

 neath, was as good as the earth to give life and nourifliment unto the ftakes afore^faid. 



To come then unto out gcaffing, which wee learned by this occafion : firft,the head oi- upper 

 part of the ftocke muft be (awed on very even,&: then pared fmooth with a iliarpe garden-hoojk 

 or cutting-knife • which done^there orferctlxunto us a t\vo-foid way to performe the reft of the 



• worke ; The firft is, to fct the graffe or Sion betweene the barke and the wood : for in old tim^ 

 truly, men were afraid at firft to cleave the ftocke • but foonc after they ventured to bore a hole 



B into the very heart of the wood : and then they fet faft into the pith juft in the mids thereof, but 

 one Sion or graffe 5 for by this kind of graffing, impoilible it was that the faid pithfhould re- 

 ceive or bearc any morcBut afterwards they devifed a finer and more fubtle invention to gratfej 

 by cleaving the ftocke gently through the mids ; and after this manner they might well let into it 

 fix imps or Sions at once : as being perfuaded, that by fuch a number they might fupply the de- 

 fe<5f of anyjiftheychaunced to die or mifcarrie any way. Now when the faid clift was made^ they 

 held it open with a wedge of wood put betweene, untill fuch time as the impe or graffe beeing 

 tbwitted thin and fharpebeneath^ were fet handfomely dole within ther;ift.Inthe pra(5life of 

 which featjinany points are to be obierved : firft and foremoft, it would be confidered^whaf trees 

 will thusforttogither and be united j namely, what ftocke will beare this manner ofengraffingj 



(C and of what tree an impe or Sion will agree well to be fet into it : for be yc iure of this , all trees 



f are not alike, neither have they all theirlap in one and the fame part. Vines and Figgemes are 

 drier in the mids of the tree,than in the head 5 and toward the top they are more apt to take and 

 conceive, and thereforefrom thence it is good to make choife of inipes to be grafted. Contra- 

 riwifcjthefapof Olives is moft frim about the mids, and from thence theyafiburd Sions; for 

 the tops are drie. Moreovet/ooncft of all other doc thofc treses incorporate one into another,if 

 wlien the ftock and grafte have barks both of one nature, if they bloflome togither at one time, 

 if they bud and put forth their fpring at chefame feafonyand laft of all, if their laps doc agree one 

 with another. On the other fide,long it will be ere they t,ake,whcn the ftock is drie and-the graffe 

 moift or when the barke of the one is tender, and of the other tough and hard . Over and be- 



D fidesjcarcfull heed muft be taken in thisbuftncffejThat the ftocke 4l not cloven in a knot ,for the 

 churlifh hardnefle thereof will not wiUingly receive and (sntertaine a gueft : that choife alfo be 

 made of the flnootheft and faireft placein the lbckc,wherc the graffe would be fet : Item, That 

 the clift be not above three fingers deept , that it be ftreight and dired; and laftly, that the impe 

 ftand fo clofe barke to barke in thcfocker, that a man may not fee betweene it and the ftocke. 

 0rgil will in no wife have a Sion or graffe to bee taken fton) about the top of atree,forfuchare 

 all naught. But this one thing is generally held {or certain. That the good imps to be grafted arc 

 thofe, which bee gathered from thofearmes of the tree which regard the Sun-rifingin fummec 

 time : Iicm, That all fuch graffes come from the boughs that beare well : alfo that they bee new 

 tender fhootsofthelaft yeare (unlelTe thcy ^te to be grafted in the ftpckeof an old tree, for then 



E there ihould be chofen fuch as arc ftronger :^ moreoyer,this ii, to be regarded,that they be well 

 budded, yea and knotted too, making fhewand giving good hope even then, thatthey would 

 beare fruit the fameyeere.-butin any wife the fame ought to be of two yearcs growth at leaft, 

 and not fiiialler beneath toward the ftock tiian a mans middle finger. As for the graffes,the man- 

 neristo fet them in the ifocke with the leflc.r end downward, when ourpurpofe is, that thetree 

 fliQuldlpread rather in breadth, than run up in, heigth. i^^pvcail,itvvould.belookedwell untOj 

 that they be neat and bright, fo as they fhine Againeithat no part of th^m be fcenccither fcor- 

 ched drie with the funne, or cicatrized (as jt Were) and bli(lered. (^oq^hope there i? that the 

 graft will takcjif the pith or marow of the riondocfalljumpe -withtl?^joynt,foasitjoyri^^^ 

 to the wood and inner barke of the mother fiockc ; for this is farre betterthan to let it meet juft 



iP; andcvenwiththebsrkwithout-forth.Moreovc;r^acarefulleicmuftbel 



ning the graffeorimpe^ that the heart or woodfic fi^ftati^e-beeAOt ftripc all naked or left bare : 

 Jiowbeit gently and with a light hand a man m\i^ gqe oyerit with a fiue^nd fharpe inftrument, 

 in fuch fort, as it may goe downe into the clift wedgcwife,,pQ deeper than three fingersi brcdth : 

 the which ni ay righteaftly be done, if it be fhaven and pared ^refcntly.aftcr it hath been dipped 



Yy ^ in 



