10 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



[July 30, 1885. 



fish, and to deliver them at Billingsgate through choked 

 streets and narrow lanes which would disgrace a town of 50,- 

 000 inhabitants, the difficulties were so augmented that fish 

 vans sometimes took eight hours to get from the Great East- 

 ern or Great Northern railway terminus to the market where 

 they had to unload." 



This statement has greater force when it is remembered 

 that the width of the roadway of Lower Thames street, on 

 which the market is situated, is but 1R>2 feet wide. St. Mary- 

 at-liUl has a width of 10 feet, while Botolph lane and Pudding 

 lane are each but 7 feet S inches wide. 



Language fails to convey to one's mind the bewUdered con- 

 dition of things in the congested approaches to the market, 

 where the stopping of a "shandr.y," for instance, will block 

 the entire street. It was shown in an investigation made by 

 Spencer Walpole, late H. M. Inspector of Fisheries, that ordi- 

 uaiHy it not only took hours for fish vans to reach the market, 

 but in one instance a van of "fresh fish" was eleven days en 

 route, and aU the time trying to get iinloaded. A vast amount 

 of good food is very natiu-ally spoiled before it reaches the 

 market, and afterward too for that matter, simply from the 

 absence of proper appliances for its preservation; and it is not 

 strange that when the fish reach the consumer it is so en- 

 hanced in pi-ice as to have become a luxury instead of an ordi- 

 nary article of diet. 



The Times of Oct. .30, 1883, despondingly asks, "Could not 

 science have fish vaults where the temperatui-e was kept at 

 about 3:^ deg. at the markets? Could not science improve on 

 the ice chests fishmongere use?" 



We answer unhesitatingly in the affirmative, and cordially 

 invite the editor of the "Thunderer" to visit America and see 

 the fish markets in Boston, New York and other centers, 

 where the application of scientific methods of refrigeration to 

 the fish trade that have long been in use would be seen. 



What London requu^es in order to have the price of fish re- 

 duced and the quahty improved, and a cessation from talk 

 about "Billingsgate ring" and "Billingsgate monopoly," is to 

 have a more commodious market, a market with refrigerating 

 appliances, a market on the river side, easily accessible not 

 only for boats, but for cars, vans and all kinds of convey- 

 ances. 



Thus far it has been impossible to agree upon a new site. If 

 the market has to remain where it now stands, so choked for 

 space and difficult of approach, then if it be desirable to 

 remedy the patent evils, the streets leading to Billingsgate 

 will have to be widened. The postponement of the widening 

 to a more convenient season will not lessen the cost. In 1802 

 the approaches could have been widened for £88,000, but 

 twelve years afterward the estimated cost was £525,000, and 

 now, doubtless, it would be much more. 



In conclusion, I regret to say there is Mttle, if anything, at 

 Billingsgate for American fish dealers to learn, except how 

 far in advance of them in every respect we ai-e on this side of 

 the Atlantic. 



RETXIRN OF THE QUANTITY OF FISH DELIVEEBD AT BILLINGSOATE 

 MABKET DURING THE YEAR 1883— (JOHN LITTLE,* 

 CLERK, BILLINGSGATE). 



Land can-iage, Water carriage, Total 



Month. Tons. Tons. Tons. 



Januai-y 0.015K ;i,949 8,964^ 



February 5,5(32 V '^M'i '3',5Sli| 



March f' '' ' 9 6053^ 



ApiTl 10,305 



May 10,663% 



June ji.-' 13,215 



July o,353i,^ 8,753K 



/-.nmi^t ..'Ws 3, -186 9,164 



. 7.1U4>.< 4,671 11,775V 



. fi..5S334' 3,028 8,611V 



. . .. 7,401% 1.984 9,385% 



Decemiier 9,1661^ 2,.529 ll,695i^ 



Total 80,7233^ 38,946K 119,669% 



N. B.— There was also from 20,000 to 25,000 tons of fish de- 

 livered in the immediate vicinity during the year which is not 

 included in the above. 



The quantity destroyed by the officers of the Fishmongers 

 Company, as being unfit for food, was 273 tons, 16 cwb., 1 qr., 

 and of this 95 tons was composed of shellfish. 



APPROXIMATE QUANTITIES OP FISH DELIVERED AT BILLINGS- 

 GATE MARKET AND VICINITY, 187.5-1884. 



(Britisli Fisheries Directory and Mr. Little's Report.) 



Tons. " Tons. 



1875 94,949 1880 130,629 



1876 99,425 1881 137,000 



1877. 107, m 1882 150,000 



1878. 12(i,764 1883 144,669% 



lf>79 126,893 1884 156,005 



HOW TO DISTINGUISH THE SEX OF CARP. 



TTTHEN the adult fish is nearing the spawning time the 

 VY ripening of the ova produces a broadened appearance 

 in the female, which is sufficient to enable most any one to 

 distinguish the sex. It is necessaiy, however, to be able to 

 distinguish them at a much earher age, and this, although not 

 generally understood, is declared by experienced fishculturists 

 to present but little diffictdty. Dr. Hessel, superintendent of 

 the United States Government ponds, scarcely ever fails to 

 identify the sexes, although he declares his inability to 

 deciibe in words the manner in which he does it. The German 

 carp-Gulturists, however, have distinctly stated their method. 



Hordk, in a work pubUshed 1869, and entitled Die Teich- 

 wirthschaft mit hesonaerer Eucksicht aufdas sudliehe Bohmen. 

 Mn populdres Handbuch fur Teichwirthe, Fischereihedienste 

 und Freunde der Fischzucht, by Wenzel Hord,k, says: "Fisher- 

 men who are not able to determine the sexes of the fish at 

 once are in the habit of squeezing the genital ijarts until they 

 yield either milt or roe. This metnod is very injurious to the 

 production of young fish. An experienced pond-culturist 

 will, at the first glance, distinguish a male from a female carp, 

 even when they are only one year old. The milter, or male 

 fish, has a depression or concave place in its genital parts, 

 while the spawner, or female fish, has a protuberance or 

 convex place." 



Carl Nicklas, perhaps the most skilled cai-p-culttu-ist at 

 present living in Germany, indorses the above quotation from 

 Horak, and adds: "The aperture of the gemtal orifice also 

 seems to be somewhat larger and redder in the female than in 

 the male. It is not very difficult to distinguish the male from 

 the female carp; still, it may require a little pi-actice." Prof. 

 B. Benecke, of Konigsberg, says: "As a general rule the beUj^ 

 of the spawner is broader and rounder; the genital aperture is 

 larger and reddish and has thick lips, while in the male it 

 forms a nan'ow slit. 



Apparently without any knowledge of these German 

 authorities, George M. Ramsey, M. D., of Clokey, Pa., writing 

 under date of November 22, 18S3, says: "I have discovered 

 how to distinguish the sex of German carp at all seasons of 

 the vear. By inspection of the female carp a small fleshy 

 protuberance, that pouts a very little, will be seen m front of 

 the vent, whereas in the male carp the same is shghtly 

 depressed or sunken rather than protubei-ant. On examina- 

 tion each fish should be held up to tne light in the same posi- 

 tion, back downward." Evidently Dr. Ramsey has made an 

 independent discovery of what was already known in Ger- 

 many. 



Among the most successful of the Americans who have 

 received carp from the United States Pish Commission is Mr. 

 Kemp Gaines, of Springfield, Clarke county, Ohio. He had 

 young fish to sell as early as the summer of 1883, and seeing 

 the necessity of furnishing applicants with the proper number 



of males and females, he imdertook to see if he could discover 

 any method of distinguishing sexes. November 31, 1883, he 

 reported his observations to the Fish Commission. On exam- 

 ining the carp taken for table use he found a difference in the 

 form of the head and surmised that tliis might possibly 

 indicate the sex. He put it to test dm-ing the summer when- 

 ever he dressed fi-sh for use and failed to distinguish the sex 

 but once. 



It would be gratifying if those who have cai-p woidd put 

 these methods severely to test and report to the Pish Commis- 

 sion their success or failure.— C/ias. W. Smiley in Bulletin U. 

 S. Fish Commission. 



Address all communications to the Forest and iStream Publish- 

 ing Co. 



FIXTURES. 



BENCH SHOWS. 



Sept. 22, 23, 24 and 25.— Dof? Show of the Milwaukee Exposition As- 

 sociation. John D. Olcott, Superintendent, Milwaukee, Wis. 



Oct. 6, 7, 8 and 9.— Fourth Annual Dog Show of tiie Danbury Agri- 

 cultural Society. E. S. Haw lev, Secretary, Danbury, Conn. 



Oct. 27, 28 and 29. -Twelfth Dof? Show of the Western Pennsylvania 

 Poultry Society, Pittsburgh, P.i. C. B. Elben, Secretarv. 



FIELD TRIALS. 



Nov 9.— Second Annual Field Trials of the Fisher's Island Club, for 

 members only, Max Wenzel, Secretary, Iloboken, N. J. 



Nov. 9.— First Annual Trials of the Western Field Trials Associa- 

 tion, at Abilene, Kan. Entries close Oct. 15. A. A. Whipple, Secre- 

 tary, Kansas City, Mo. 



JJov. 16, 1885.— Seventh Annual Field Trials of the Eastern Field 

 Trials Club, High Point, N. 0. Entries for Derby close May 1. W. 

 A. Coster, Secretary, Flatbush, L. I. 



Dec. 7.— Seventh Annual Field Trials of the National Field Trials 

 Club, Grand Junction, Term. Entries for Derby close ApriU. B. M, 

 Stephenson, La Grange, Tenn., Secretary. 



A. K. R.-SPECIAL NOTICE. 

 rpHE AMERICAN KENNEL REGISTER, for the registration of 

 pedigrees, etc. (with prize lists of all shows and trials), is pub- 

 lished every month. Entries close on the 1st. Should be in early. 

 Entry blanks sent on receipt of stamped and addressed envelope. 

 Registration fee (50 cents) must accompany each entry. No enti-ies 

 inserted unless paid in advance. Yearly subscription 81.50. Address 

 "American Kennel Register," P. O. Box 2833, New York. Number 

 of entries already printed 2519. 



IS THE A. K. C. TO LIVE? 



Editor Fo7~est and Stream: 



The above question is pressing .just now. Many of us, who 

 did not prefer the form of organization the A. K. C. took, have 

 come to think that as it is organized and in working order, it 

 is better to make it an efficient factor in kennel matters than 

 to get up a rival club ; but how it is possible to make such a 

 club even respectable, much less efficient, when its path is 

 one string of blundere; wherever it goes, whatever it does, 

 blunder, bungle and botchwork marks out its path. 



At the Philadelphia meeting, Messrs. Morgan, Childs and 

 Osbora, with what help I could give, endeavoi ed to start the 

 club toward better things than had marked the past. Major 

 Taylor seemed willing to help us on, but was also ready to fall 

 into any pithole that could be found and drag the whole A. K. 

 C. along. The attempt to run in a county fair association at 

 Dayton, O., when the constitution plainly provides that mem- 

 bers must be organized wholly or in part for holding bench 

 shows, was one sample. The grave proposal to "recognize" 

 the American Spaniel Club and the International Cocker Span- 

 iel Association in the joint work of preparing a standard on 

 cockers, was stupendous! Imagine a "standard," the result 

 of the joint efforts of two clubs whose separate existence 

 seems only due to the fact that they cannot agree on a stand- 

 ard I Fortunately both these blunders were staved off. Then 

 there was the mistake of appointing IMr. EUiot Smith on the 

 "St. Elmo" committee when ne was the defendant! Did vou 

 ever hear the like? Then Pelion was piled on OssabyMr. 

 Faxon being added to this committee when he was not a mem- 

 ber of the Executive Committee! Allowing that these last 

 blundei-s may be passed over on groimds of oversight, what 

 possible excuse is there for the added blunder of appointing 

 Mr. Nickerson on the committee when he is also inehgible be- 

 cause not a member of the Executive Committee. I shine as 

 the bright particular fight on this business, as being the only 

 one of fom- so far appointed who is ehgible; but I should nob 

 have been appointed after my open sfeitement that the close 

 intimacy so long existing between Mr. Watson (the appellant 

 in the case) and myself, made my appointment at least "bad 

 form." 



With nothing but the kindest feelings toward Major Taylor 

 personally and as a judge, I cannot but say that the only hope 

 for the A. K. C. is in his resignation. His whole administra- 

 tion has been a series of bltmders, his appointment of Mr. 

 Nickerson the worst, because his blunder in Mr. Faxon's case 

 had been pointed out, yet he makes the same bungle over 

 again. I challenge the naming of a single instance where 

 Major Taylor has gone right m his official course as president, 

 when there was a chance to go wrong. "Construction" was 

 bad enough, but it has been capped by a continual string of 

 helpmates. What are we to do? Are we to try and keep up a 

 continual fight and watch against blunders that a member of 

 a primai-y school debating society would know were blunders, 

 or are we to cut loose from the A. K. C, and let it die of pub- 

 lic contempt? Really this tiling of being made a pubhc 

 laughing stock is getting somewhat monotonous. To such 

 organizations as the N. E. K. Club, tne Eastern Field Trials, 

 the New Haven, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh clubs, the main 

 stays of dog shows in the country, I would say, do you propose 

 to do anything for the unfortunate A. K. C, or shall it perish 

 of public ridicule? 



Lest 1 may be suspected of personal animus against Major 

 Taylor, let me say that his declaration that he gave a dog ffi-st 

 at Philadelphia when he would not have done so had the 

 standard been less on head, is to me convincing proof of his 

 honesty as a judge, and just what every judge shoiUd do, sub- 

 ordinate his own preferences to the established authority on 

 the matter; and if Major Taylor prefers a standard with less 

 value for head it is a perfectly legitimate thing to try to so 

 estabhsh it; the only requisite being that fair play be allowed 

 others of different views. Mr. Nickerson advises me (much to 

 my regret) that he is inehgible and has therefore resigned. 



While the A. K. C. still has a nominal existence, let me 

 point out a serious mistake in Rule 2, providing that a dog 

 must be identified by its date of birth; this is often impossible. 

 We are all responsible for this mistaJce, as it was substituted 

 for the old rule that a dog must be identified by its age. This 

 is objectionable, as of ten litter brothers or sisters are entered 

 as of different ages, as was the case with the mastiff litter 

 sisters Hebe and Dido II. at Philadelphia, and we seem to have 

 overlooked that putting this requii'emeat before "and if 

 known" left the exhibitor with no chance of escape from what 

 might often be an impossibUity. The rule evidently should be, 

 a doff "must be identified by its name, and if known, its date 

 ofbif-th." W. WADE. 



HuLXOK, Pa., July 25, 1885. 



CRYSTAL PALACE DOG SHOW. 



THE Enghsh Kennel Club held their twenty-fifth exhibition 

 of sportmg and non-sporting dogs on the grounds of tho 

 Crystal Palace Company, under tents, on the Tth. 8th, 9th 

 and 10th of July, and the exhibition on the whole was equal 

 to a-ny of their former gatherings. There were six judging 

 rings, and the awards were all handed in on the first day, 

 the judges being, for mastiffs and bloodhounds, M, Beaufoy, 

 Esq. : St. Bernards, H. J. Betterton, Esq. ; Newfoundlands, H. 

 R. Parquharson, Esq.; foreign dogs and Great Danes, R. 

 Groom, Esq. ; deerhounds, greyhounds, black and tan setters, 

 Irish setters, retrievers, coUies and buU-terriers, S. E. Shulev, 

 Esq.; pointei-s, S. Price, Esq.; Enghsh setters, W. D. Duncan, 

 Esq.; spaniels. Rev. A. L. Willett; dachshunde and Basset 

 hounds, H. Jonas, Esq. ; bulldogs, J. S. P. Sellon, Esq, ; Dandle 

 Dinmonts, the Earl of Antrim; pugs, G. Weekley, Esq.; Irish 

 temers, Dr. Carey; wire-haii-ed fox-terriers, Airdales and 

 Bedlingtons, A. MaxeU, Esq..; smooth fox-terriere, T. Bassett. 

 Esq. ; Skye and Scotch tei-riers, J. Pratt, Esq. ; the remaining 

 classes, J, Percival, Esq. 



The total entry was 1,288, rather less than at the winter 

 show, yet the quality was real good, and most all of the class 

 were remarkable for the quality and the keenness of the 

 comjietition. 



Crovm Prince once more headed the Ust in champion mas- 

 tiffs and won the 40-guinea challenge cup for the best mastiff 

 dog iu the show. Cambrian Princess winning first in cham- 

 pion bitches, also the 40-guinea cup for the best bitch. We 

 consider, however, that she was very closely pressed by the 

 brindle Lilly II., who is a really good bitch'all through, and 

 moves much better than Cambrian Princess. In the open dog 

 class, Dr. Turner exhibited two very promising young ones, 

 Beaufort and Hotspur, the former winning while the latter 

 got vhc. In the puppy class they won easily ffi-st and second. 

 Hotspur is some two months the younger, and of course more 

 improvement may be expected in him than the wiuuer, who 

 got most of the advantage lay superior size. The second prize 

 dog. Prince of Wales, is only a moderate specimen. He has 

 been winning lately in Scotland. He is only a medium-sized 

 dog, but with a well-shaped body not in high condition at 

 present; his muzzle before the eyes is too long and not deep 

 enough. John Bull, third prize, we have reported before. He 

 is amall in size, not enough of wrinkle and might have more 

 bone, but is of a good type. Bismarck, vhc. We don't lik e 

 his color as a fawn, and his eye is rather light, yet he is a line 

 upstanding dog and about the largest in the class; but not in 

 the condition we have seen him, otherwise we think ought to 

 about win in the present company. In bitches Dr. Tunier 

 won first and second; both are good in type but we much ]jre- 

 f erred the second prize. The Lady Isabel, as sfie was the larg- 

 est and the best mover with a very good head. The actual 

 winner was rather the best in head and color of mask, but 

 small, low at the shoulder and a bad mover. Third went to 

 Princess Ida, good in face and wrinkle, rather large in ears 

 and not so good in body as those placed over her. Mr. Nichols 

 snowed a very large and powerful young dog in Victor Hugo. 

 He is rather plain in face, but possesses gj-eat size with good 

 feet and legs. He has all the appearance of growing iuLo a 

 most powerful dog. The winner in bitch i:)uppies was promis- 

 ing and a long way ahead of the others. The iiroduce stakes 

 was simply a walk-over for Dr. Tunier. 



In the champion class for St. Bemai'd dogs Save had an 

 easy win over Bayard. In champion bitches we consider 

 Cloister very lucky in winning, being out of coat. Iltreda, 

 second, was "also a little out of coat and ttiin in flesh, othei'wise 

 she might have stood first. Madam, vhc. and reserve, is a 

 grand, upstanding bitch, m good coat. vShe was shown in 

 Mr. Smith's usual high condition. In the open class Duke of 

 Wellington, third, is a grand dog, good in color and markings, 

 with good coat not fully grown at present, His condition wys 

 against him, otherwise'he might have exchanged places with 

 the second pi'ize wmner. Nero HI., whom we have often re- 

 ported, was here, looking well. First went to Pliulirainon, also 

 special for the best in the open classes. This dog was lookmg 

 better than ever, and changed hands duiing the show at £800, 

 the highest prize ever obtained for a St. Bernard in England. 

 Vhc. reserve, Saracen, is a zood dog, with good legs and feet. 

 We don't admfi-e his color, and doubt if he will run much fur- 

 ther forward. Bernina II., fourth prize, is a good stamp on 

 the small side. Grip, he, is heavily handicapped by his badly 

 carried ears. Kenneth was out of condition or he might have 

 been fiu*ther up. In the bitch class we think Mabel II. ought 

 to have been noticed. The brindle and white La Mascotte, out 

 of coat, won second prize. Pvccluse, from the same kennel, 

 might be better on forelegs, and is on the small side, yet of a 

 good stamp. Queen Jura, vhc, the Wai wick winner, is a 

 grand bitch, but has not enough of markings; in fact, she is 

 almost self-colored, otherwise she was about the best bitch in 

 the show. Thetis, the winner, we admu-e Yery much. She is 

 a large bitch, with good body, color, and coat, and shown in 

 the best of condition. Dolly, he, has a Dudley nose, large 

 eais and light eyes. There wei-e some much better unnoticed. 

 MeUta, vhc, is a good bitch, but too fine before the eye. Vhc. 

 and resei-ve Dacia is a nice-coloi ed and marked bitch. 



In smooth dogs first went to Sirius, looking his best. Lord 

 Wolsely, looking better than we ever saw him, made a good 

 second. Victor" Emanuel seems going worse. The smooth 

 bitches were a good class, some thought that Lady Superior 

 should have won. The second prize winner is too fine in 

 muzzle. There was nothing likely to come to the front among 

 tho puppies. 



The challenge classes for Newfoundlands had only one entry 

 each. So that in each case it was a walk-over. In the open 

 class for black dogs Lord Nelson won easily, but was beaten 

 bv Courtier for the special for the best in the show. We pre- 

 ferred Lord Nelson and think that opinion was shared by tne 

 majority. Admiral Keppel and Gift are both small and rather 

 fight in eye, while Black Watch shows the haw. Isla won 

 will in bitches ; second going to a good-sized bitch not good in 

 back. 



Great Danes, as usual at the Palace, Avere one of tho features 

 of the show, there were four entries in the challenge cla.s.s. 

 Sultan II. was absent. Cedric the Saxon won also the cup for 

 the best in the show, Mirza getting the chaUenge cup for the 

 best bitch; they are both good ones, in fact all through, the 

 classes were remarkable for quaUty, yet we saw nothing in the 

 puppy classes fike being Al. Mr. Messter, of Berlin, can-ied 

 off the majority of the pilzes in the puppy classes. 



In the challenge class for deerhoimds, Chieftain won, wo 

 think, correctly, and along with Mr. Jopfin's other dogs was 

 put up at auction, but was not disposed of owing to there 

 being £200 reserve put on him by his owner. His kennel com- 

 panion, Clansman, a very promising dog, won in the open 

 class, and sold at auction afterward for £40, a really cheap 

 dog at the price. Crofter, second prize, is a very promising 

 young dog of f om-teen months, and was in his right place. 

 The bitches were only a moderate collection and correctly 



^^In^g'reyhoimds, dogs, first went to a white and lemon 

 marked 'dog, Robbie Bell; he was claimed at his catalogue 

 price £B0. The Messre. Charles coming second and reserve 

 with'Balkis and CasseUs. In bitches the winners are well 

 known Telegram III. rather fine, and Coral in bad condition. 



In the class for foreign dogs, for which there was no sepa- 

 rate class provided, we had a particular fancy for a dog caUed 

 Dornovoy described as a Russian wolfhound. He is sixteen 

 months 6ld, stands as high as any of our largest deerhoumis, 

 with good feet and legs, wonderfuUy good shoulder and neck, 

 with good, deep chest and weU-sprung ribs ; he might be a 

 trifle better in stifles ; in coat he was neither smooth nor rough, 

 and can-ied some feather on his tail; if he possessed a rough, 

 wiry coat, he would come near our idea of an Iiish woit- 

 hound. Howevei-, he got nothing, which so far goes to prove 

 that we are no judge of foreign dogs. 



