170 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



[Sept. 34, 1885. 



gin of the first dorsal fin. This place of attachment was 

 chosen, because, being near the middle of the fish, it has less 

 lateral motion when the fish is swimming than any point 

 nearer the head or tail, and because the tag, lying thus in the 

 wake of tlie fiu and close to the back, would be better pi-o- 

 tected from contact with foreign objects than elsewhere. The 

 attachment was effected by placing the fish upon a narrow 

 table, confining it by straps, and piercing the tbin membrane 

 of the fin between the last and next to the last ray by means 

 of a needle, into the eye of which was thi'eaOed the svire 

 already connected with" the tag, the ends of the wire were 

 then twisted together, so as to f oi-m a loop, and neatly trimmed 

 with scissors. The tags were stamped with dies. This mode 

 of marking has been adhered to in all .subsequent experiments 

 of the kind with no change except that the aluminum tag has 

 been replaced by one of platinum. 



The marking was always done in the fall, after the fish had 

 been relieved of their spawn. They were then liber ated either 

 in tide water or in fi'esh water whence egress to the sea was 

 easy. 



Of the salmon marked with rubber bands in 1872, as has 

 been said, uoue were recovered. In November, 187S, there 

 were marked 391 salmon. In the ensuing year rewards were 

 offered to the fi.shermen for the return of any marked speci- 

 mens. In response, there were sent in to the station twenty 

 salmon, the first in January (taken in a smelt net) and all the 

 other.s in April and May. All of the twenty retained the wire, 

 by which they were with certainty recognized as having been 

 marked in tiie preceding autumn. Sixteen of them still 

 retained the tags. One of them was found to have lost eight 

 oimees in weight, eight othei's hjid lost from one to two pounds 

 each ; all had fallen away in flesh since November. The males 

 had faded ui color; the liooks on then lower jaws were still 

 present, but liad decreased much in size. The females had 

 regained then- bright silvery color to a great extent; in their 

 ovaries were tlie germs of the next litter of eggs, but they 

 were very small. No food could be found in the stomachs 

 of either sex. It was quite evident from their condition that 

 these fishes could not have been to their feeding grounds dur- 

 ing the winter. Twelve out of the tweuty were taken in the 

 Penobscot above Bucksport, and nine of these were taken at 

 Veazie. twenty-five miles above Bucksport, in close proximity 

 to the ni'st serious obstacle they would encounter in ascending 

 the river. Salmon in their condition stiould be bound toward 

 tne sea, and had they, as may have been the case with some, 

 reached the upper waters it is quite in.possible that they coidd 

 have became Ijreeders tlie same year. That all these loiterers 

 di'opped down to the sea before the fli-st of June we may con- 

 clude from thef act that after that date no more were captm*ed. 

 Dm-ing the whole year not a single marked fish wtts recovered 

 or reijorted that had in any degree mended from the condition 

 in winch it was released the preceding autmnD. 



In lS7o the offer of a reward was renewed and this time 

 resulted in tUe recovery, in May and June, of eight specimens, 

 and among our breeding fish there was fotmd in the autumn 

 another whose mark had escaoed observation at the time of 

 capture. Of these nine fish, four were f emtdes, three males, 

 and two not deter miucd. They were all of good size, weigh- 

 ing from 16 to 24}^ pounds, and measuring S-i)^ to 40>^ inches 

 in length, and were all fat and apparently healthy. One of 

 the females was placed alive in our inclosure and yielded in 

 the faU about ll.oUO eggs. Unfortunately the tags, supposed 

 to have been good aluminum plate, proved deficient in 

 durable properties, became (as we learned by direct observa- 

 tion) weak and brittle aftei a short time in water. All of 

 them had fallen off fi"om these specimens, and we could not 

 therefore trace the record of the individual salmon, bub the 

 Avire remamed and proved beyond question that these salmon 

 were mai'ked and released in November, 1873, as none others 

 had up to this time been marked in the same manner, and 

 none at aU marked m 1874. They had thus been absent 

 eighteen or ninet^wu mouths, and' had (we cannot doubt) 

 passed the intervening months, including the summer of 1874, 

 mainly on their feeding grounds in the sea. The experimeuD 

 was repeated in 1875 and in 18S0, with platinum tags, which 

 proved durable. 



In 187.5 there were marked and released in tide water, at 

 Bucksport, 3.57 salmon. In the sijring of 1876 a considerable 

 number of these were taken in the river; but without excep- 

 tion they were, as in 1874, all poor. In lb;77 three specimens 

 were i-ecovered, alJ in good condition and of larger size than 

 when released. The first, No. 1,019, was caught on Cape Gel- 

 lisou in April. This was a female tish; before spawning it 

 weighed ;Jl pounds 6 ounces, and at time of release 16 pounds. 

 When retaken, seventeen months later, it weighed S3>^ 

 pounds. The second individual. No. 1,010, was also a female: 

 weighed before spawm'ng IS pounds 3 ounces, after spawning 

 13 pounds 8 ounces, and on recapture in LincolnviUe, nineteen 

 months later. 30 pounds 8 oimces. The third individual was 

 also a female; weighed 20 pounds 7 ounces before spawning, 

 15 poumJs on release, and 26 potmds on recaptme in Lincoln- 

 viUe nineteen months later. The residts of this second experi- 

 ment supported the conclusions drawn from those of the first 

 in every piarticular. 



The salmon marked in 1880, numbering 2.52, were released 

 in the fi-esh waters of Eastern River, a small branch of tUe 

 Penobscot, The distance from the point of liberation to tide- 

 water was two miles, and the only impediment a dam over 

 which they could easily go down in the spring, or at any high 

 water when the river was not very low, but which during the 

 winter must have constituted a serious impediment. There is 

 reason for thinking that the larger part ot these salmon re- 

 mained Hbovo the dam until the spring floods. A small re- 

 ward was offered for the i-eturn of fish or tags taken the next 

 spring, and twelve tags were received. Nine of the fish bear- 

 ing them were weighed and found in every instance to have 

 fallen away in weight since marking. No fully or partiallj' 

 mended fish were obtained or heard of that year. But in 

 June, 18S2, five prime salmon were recovered bearing the tags 

 alfixed in October and November, 1880. The following state- 

 ment shows the date for each individual: 



1185 

 1136 

 IsSi) 

 18^8 

 1847 



No. 



1135 

 1136 



1348 

 1374 



Date, 

 1880. 

 Oct. 28 

 Oct. 28 

 Nov. 6 

 Nov. 5 

 Nov. 13 



KECORD OF MARKING. 



Weight 

 before 

 Length spawaing. 

 Sex, tQches. Jbs. oz. 



F. 30 9 

 F. 30 !) 5 

 F. 36 37 Vi 

 F. 33 10 5 

 M. 30^ 

 RECORD OB" BECATTUBE. 



Weight 



of 

 eggs, 

 lbs. oz. 



1 15 

 a 1 

 3 8 



2 5 



Bute. 



188-2. 

 June 20 

 June — 

 June 23 

 Juue 87 

 Juoe 3:3 



Place. 



i;rcksport Center, 

 f'earsport. 

 Sandy Point. 

 North Bucksport. 

 Frankfort. 



Length 

 incties. 



39 



Weight, 

 on 



release, 

 lbs. oz. 



7 8 



7 4 

 14 8 



8 

 8 8 



Weight 

 lbs. oz 

 10 8 



lY 

 31 

 31 



The i-esults of this third experiment coincide, it will be seen, 

 with those of the other two, and they leave little room for 

 doubt that it is the normal habit of the Penobscot salmon to 

 spawn evei-y second year. Had any considerable nuraber of 

 them recovered condition in season to i-eturn to the river for 

 spawning the vear after their first captm-e, they would hardly 

 have escaped "detection altogether, indeed, they would have 

 been much more hkely to retain then* tag.s, smce they would 

 have borne them only six or seven months, instead of eighteen 

 or nineteen . This vie Vi' is fm-ther .suppoi ted by what we know 

 of the reduced condition in which the end of the spawning 

 season finds the salmon, the short time, only six months, that 

 intervenes between the spawning season and the time for the 

 next ''run"' up the river, the low temperature then prevailing 

 in the river and bay, and the fact, which is pretty well es- 



tablished, that a large part, perhaps nearly all the salmon, 

 instead of proceeding at once to sea after spa wing, linger in 

 the fresh w\ater all the winter and descend only with the 

 spring floods. 

 Bucksport, Me. 



THE TEXAS COMMISSION, -The last Legislature of Texas 

 has abolished the Pish Commission of the State. The late 

 Commissioner, Mr. John B. Lubbock, of Austin, has leased the 

 State carp ponds, and is now supplyhig customers with young 

 carp at from eight to ten cents each, according to quantity. 

 Mr. Lubbock was an active Commissioner, and the Legislature 

 has done an unwise thing in abolishing the office. 



Address all communications to the Forest and stream Publish- 

 ing Co. 



FIXTURES. 



BKNCH SHOWS. 



Sept. 23, 38 , 34 and 35.— Dog Show of the Milwaukee Exposition As- 

 sociation. ,Tohn D. Olcott, Superintendent, Milwaukee, Wis. 



Sept. 39. 80 and Oct. 1, 3. -Thud Annual Dog Show of the Southern 

 Ohio Fair A-ssociatiou. S. Anderson. Secrelarv, Dayton, O. 



— — - —Twelfth DoK Sho\v of the Western Pennsylvania 



Ponltr.v .Society, Pittsbiu-gb, P,i. C. B. Elben, Secretary. 



Oct. C, 7. 8 and 9.— Secoud Annual Dog Show of the Philadelphia 

 Kennel Club, in conjunction with the Pennsylvania State Agricultural 

 Society. E. Comfort, Secretary, Philadelphia, Pa. 



Oct. 6, 7, 8 and 9.— Fourth Annual Dog Show of the Danbury Agri- 

 cultural Society. S. E. Hawle.y, Secretary, Danbury, Conn. 



Oct. 7, Sand 9.— Dog Show of the York County AgriciUtural Soci- 

 ety. Entries close Sept. 28. A. C. Knieger, Superintendent, Wrights- 

 ville, Pa. 



Oct. 8 and 9.— Second Annual Dog Sliow of the Stafford Agricul- 

 tural Society. R. S. Hicks, Secretary, Stafford Springs, Conn. 



FIELD TRIALS. 



Nov 9 —Second Annual Field Trials of the Fisher's Island Club, for 

 members only. Max Wenzel, Secretary, Hobolien, N. J. 



Nov. 9. — Pir.st Annual Trials of the Western Field Trials Associa- 

 tion, at AbUene, Kan. Entries close Oct. 15. A. A. Whipple, Secre- 

 tary, Kansas City. Mo. 



Nov. 16, 1885.— Seventh Annual Field Trials of the Eastern Field 

 Trials Club, High Point, N. C. Entries for Derby close May 1. W. 

 A. Coster, Secretary, Flatbush, L. I. 



Novembf^r.— Fourth Annual Trials of the Robins Island Club, Robins 

 Island, L. I., for members only. Wm. H. Force, Secretary. 



Dec. 7.— Seventh Annual Field Trials of rhe National Field Trials 

 Club, Grand Junction, Tenn. Entries for Derby close AprU 1. B. M. 

 Stephenson, La Grange, Tenn., Secretary. 



A. K. R.-SPECIAL NOTICE. 



rpHE AMERICAN KENNEL REGISTER, for the registration of 

 pedigrees, etc. (with prize lists of all shows and trials), is pub 

 ished every month. Entries close on the 1st. Should be in early. 

 Entry blanks sent on receipt of stamped and addressed envelope. 

 Registration fee (50 cents) must accompany each entry. No entries 

 inserted miless paid in advance. Yearly subscription gl. 50. Address 

 "Ameiican Kennel Register," P. O. Box 3832, New York. Number 

 of entries already prmted 3704. 



THE EASTERN FIELD TRIALS. 



Editor ForeM and Sti'eam: 



Owing to the want of timely advertisement the closing of 

 the public stakes of the Eistern Field Trials Club, viz., the 

 All-Aged setter and pointer stakes, is postponed from Oct. 1 

 to Nov. 1, the Members' stake to the evenmg of Nov. 11 and 

 the ChamiMon stakes to the evening after the finish of the two 

 aU-aged stakes. The dates of running remam as advertised 

 last spring, viz., the Members' stake onThureday, Nov. 12, and 

 the All-Aged Setter stake on Monday, Nov. 16, followed on its 

 finish by the All -Aged Pointer stake, the Champion stake, if it 

 fills, and ending with the Eastern Field Trials Derby. 



Washingtox a. Coster, Secretary. 



New York, Sept. 2i. 



THE AMERICAN KENNEL CLUB. 



Editor Forest and St7'eam: 



I think we have all been somewhat cranky this summer. 

 How could it be helped? The A. K. C. was such a sore, so 

 constantly breaking out in new places, that we all got to be 

 cranks in our magnifying of our pet grievances, and our 

 adulation of our pet remedy. 



Now that there is to be another attempt to put the A. K. C. 

 on a firm and respectable basis, let us all try to clear our 

 minds of crotchets and iUusions, and brmg a sober, unpreju- 

 diced reason to our aid. We wfil doubtless make some mis- 

 takes that cannot be helped, but let us build so that we will 

 be respectable and not the laughing stock we have been in the 

 past. 



To my good friend Osborn I extend my hand. I will fight 

 by his side in a mutiny till the ship sinks. Now after the 

 above prosy sermonizing, for an application, to wit, the 

 '■standard committee" business. It is really incomprehensible 

 to me how so many clear-headed men have gone wrong in 

 this. Except Mr. Osborn. 1 do not know of one that has 

 expi essed himself in pubhc to the real point on this matter. 

 Cilranting that the mainspring that moved the machine was 

 the desire to enact a setter standard to fit the Gladstone dog 

 (there is no use beating round the bush), there is nothing in- 

 lierently \vrong in that. If certain parties want a standard 

 enacted to fit a certain dog or strain of dogs, that is legitimate 

 enough, and all that is required is to let all shades of opiinon 

 be heard, and decide the question fau-ly. If the majority 

 want the Gladstone type, so be it; if not, then down with it. 

 Granted that it was the intention to smuggle it through in 

 Pennsylvania Legi-slature fashion, that is now balked, and in 

 fighting that, don't charge aroimd like a btdl in fly time, tail 

 in airj eyes ablaze, charging every cornstalk in the field (this 

 especiaUy applies to 'Torcupine"). 



The mischief is that these excellent but excited bovines 

 seem to be possessed with the idea that these standard com- 

 mittees would upset all existing standards, and set up creations 

 of then- own. Now, no such chimei-a can be evolved from 

 the mode of appointment or construction of any of the com- 

 mittees except that on setters. How many breeds are there 

 for which there is no standard? Take mastiffs. Who ever 

 judges tnem by the .sacred "Stonehenge," that so many have 

 made a fetish of ? "Stonehenge" gives thu-ty-five points for 

 head, Mr. Wynn's scale, prepared for the late, mastiff club, 

 gives forty-two. and the practical lesson derived from the 

 judgtngs of the O. E. Mastiff Club is about seventy-five! Is it 

 not about the same in many other breeds? For instance, take 

 the ifluBtration of Governor in "Dogs of the British Islands." 

 Can any one imagine him a good mastiff if the wretched beasts 

 the Enghsh craze has recently sent over here are good type? 

 Imagine old champion Turk, with the mien of a chief justice 

 of the United States, led out and beaten, as he sm-ely would 

 be, by such a beast as Lady Clare, as short-faced and turn up 

 nosed as any pug, with quarters as lank as a starved wolf. 

 Here we have got clear away from ' Stonehenge," and have 

 set up a shadowy fancy of oux own, each judge giving us his 

 own particular views as to high art. 



In such a case (and I assume that there are a dozen more), 

 would it not be well for it to be positively laid down that 

 '•Stonehenge" is the standard? 



Then this "standard" business has brought out blasts irom 

 "Porcupiae" and even from the level-headed editor of the 

 A. K. R. about "a good judge that knows his work," not need- 



ng any standard. Now this is sheer nonsense. How is any 

 judge to know what is the correct trpe, or what are the rela- 

 tive values of various merits or demerits m the specimens 

 being judged? In fact, no judge can act without consciously 

 or imconsciously following a standard, and on this no advice 

 can be sounder or clearer than that of "Zoilus" that lately 

 appeared in Forest and Stream, especially when it is known 

 that "Zoilus" is himself one of the oldest and most weighty of 

 English judges. So much for an airing of mv pet crank. 

 Another thing. The "constitution" (there really is such a 

 thing, construction, skylark appointment of committees, etc, 

 notwithstanding) provides that the olHcers of the A. K. C!. 

 have no vote. Now, is not tliis wrong? If we have sufficient 

 confidence in any one to elect him an officer should we not 

 ti-ust him with a vote? The change was brought about by the 

 president casting one vote as such, one as a delegate and "x" 

 as proxy ; but cannot all this be obviated by providing that 

 the officers shall not be delegates, and that none shall hold 

 more than one proxy? I am not blind to the enormous diffi- 

 culty we -wifi have in securing respect for any set of rules that 

 may be enacted. The farces of "construction," "Pickwickian" 

 appointment of committees. Jack Bunsby opinions, and the 

 unavoidable necessity of deliberately setting rules aside has 

 honeycombed the idea of a duty to observe rules, but with the 

 evidence of a sincere determination to look solely to the 

 general good, and an executive and committee on discipline, 

 determined to enforce rtdes, with the single purpose of pro- 

 tection to canine interests in general, these difficulties will 

 gradually vanish. W. Wade. 



HuLTOK, Pa , Sept. 13, 1885. 



THE PHILADELPHIA DOG SHOW. 



Editor Forest and Stream: 



At a meeting of bench show committee of Philadelphia Ken- 

 nel Club Sept. 15, 188.5, it was decided to separate the dog and 

 bitch mastiff puppy class and make a class for each; also in the 

 fox-terrier dog and bitch class in October show. The numbers 

 therefore of mastiff dog puppy class wiU be o79 and that of 

 the bitches .5793^. of the fox-terrier dog puppy class 668 and 

 the bitches 6fi8>|, E. Comfort, Secretary. 



Editor Forest and Stream: 



There is every prospect that this show will be as large in 

 entries as any yet given by the Philadelphia Kennel Club. 

 The attendance at the State Fair will be double that of last 

 year, and room enough has been given the Kennel Club to do 

 away with all possibility of a jam, as occuiTcd last season. 

 Fully 50,000 people will visit the fair daily. Last year there 

 was an average of 39,000 each day, so it can be readily ob- 

 served the coming show wiU be just the place to sell and ad- 

 vertise dogs. A number of entries have ah eady been made 

 for the collie trials, and quite a number of valuable specials 

 have been presented to the club for distribution. These will 

 be apportioned to the several classes at next meeting of the 

 committee, and sent to you for pubhcation. Homo. 



THE BLACK AND TAN COLLIE. 



Editor Forest and Stream: 



I desire to call you attention to a matter and hope to be able 

 to enlist yom- aid in accomplishing what I think ^vould be a 

 benefit to breeders of shepherd dogs, as well as to the future 

 of the breed in this country. 



To come at once to the point, 1 am anxious to see the black 

 and tan collie a separate class at the bench shows. I think 

 this dog has distinct characteristics which entitle him to be 

 separated from the general colhe cla.ss. There is no other col- 

 he with such distinct markings, revei ting from sire to pro- 

 geny (when carefully bred). By black and tan coUie I mean 

 a black dog with tan (or bhush black) undercoat, tau .spots 

 over the eyes, tan under the chin and on nec and a very 

 beautiful tan triangular point down on the breast, tan on the 

 legs, principally the forelegs, and sometimes a ring around 

 the neck. This is a beautifully marked animal, and as I said 

 before, properlj^ bred will throw the markings at every point 

 to the offsfiring. There is no other one-color collie which will 

 do this as certainly as the black and tan. 



Besides the obvious advantage of perpetuating this beauti- 

 ful colUe by encom-aging his separate breeding, the division of 

 collies into two classes would do much to smooth away the 

 growls of exhibitors at bench shows, when the rulings of the 

 judges seem (',) to favor one color more than another. 



I am not foohah enough to imagine that the mere insertion 

 of this letter in yom- columns, signed as it is by a young and 

 comparatively unknown breeder, would have much effect. 

 And it is for this reason I beg the Forest and Stream to act- 

 ively take up the matter and sohcit the opinions of the larger 

 and'better known breeders on the subject. I believe if such 

 an expression of opinion could be had, the majority at least 

 of those favoring tUe black and tan in their kennels woidd 

 favor the movement, and those breeding other colors certainly 

 have nothing to lose and perhaps sometlung to gain by lessening 

 the competition. That I may not be accused of studying only 

 my own interest, I woiUd state that lam bleeding black and 

 tans, aud also tawny and white, and my kennels have as 

 many of one kind as the other. I trust you will give this 

 matter your consideration and attention. 



B. A. R. OTTOLENGtri. 



SUCCESS IN TRAINING. 



Editor Forest and Stream: 



My father and uncles were sportsmen of the old school, in 

 the good days when Manton guns and pointer dogs were used 

 in the fields, aud I have been accustomed to dogs from ray 

 cnildhood. Years of observation had taught me that training 

 was better than breaking, and I had so fotmd it in my own 

 experience. When, therefore, Hammond's book, "Training 

 vs. Breaking," made its appearance, I was attracted by its 

 title and bought a copy, and have t;iken it as my guide, for I 

 there found systematized and reduced to an art the principles 

 which I knew to be correct. Bv the aid of this httle manual, 

 I trahied a dog in the season of 1883 as thoroughly as I ever 

 saw so young a dog broken. He would do anything that any 

 dog broken by a professional would do and do it cheerfully, 

 and he was of a disposition which made it likely that he would 

 have been spoiled had he been broken instead of being trained. 

 As a retriever (the thing of all others that its advocates say 

 force is necessary to make) he was one of the best that I ever 

 saw. This dog 1 sold to a gentleman in Georgia, and I have no 

 doubt his training sticks to him. , , -, 



I now have a couple of puppies five months old; one of them 

 by San Roy (Count Noble— Spark) out of Drane's Cora (Mark 

 --Jennie- Mark, by Rob Roy out of Juno; Jeuuie, by Leicester 

 out of Dart), and the other by San Roy out of Queen Bess 

 (Gladstone— Donna J.) ; and if I can find time, I shall train 

 these puppies according to Hammond's rules in preference to 

 placing them in the hands of a breaker. Already they point, 

 back and drop, and readfiy retrieve a baU or glove. One of 

 them showed a good deal of inclination to gunshyness (al- 

 though there is no gunshyness in his ancesti-y), but I effectu- 

 ally cured him by foUowiny Hammond's directions. 



No matter what may be one's views as to the proper mode 

 of breaking or haudhng dogs, no bird dog owner can afford to 

 do without this little book of Hammond's. It should be m the 

 hands of every sportsman; and the Society for the Prevention 

 of Ciatelty to Animals woidd be doing God's seiwice if it would 

 i-aise a fund for the gratuitous distribution of this book. It 

 teaches the best code of morals yet devised for the regulation 

 of the relation of sportsman and dog. It shows that kmd- 

 ness wiU more effectively do the work of preparmg the dog 

 for field use than brutahty. It raises from a most disagreeable 

 task—a task involving beatings innumerable for the poor dog 



