274 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



LOcT. S9, 1885. 



denounced her as a yacht, because she requires water in order to 

 float and wind whenever she saUs. ^ , , 



'■I find no fault with that, however, althougrb she was designed as a 

 sailing canoe, beine too short, as I supposed, to be designated by the 

 more dignified title. . , ^ . 



"The stem was lifted out on the little wooden pier, and twenty 

 miniitPH sumncri to find and eaulk rhe leak. A thread of candle 

 wickinE5 was run into the seam with my penknife, and out of the 

 storage locker came the means of paying off the ssam. It was a 

 half-pint can emitaiuitig gum shellac dissolved in alcohol. 



"The landing herp is not a good one, although there is considerable 

 gravel, for it is interspersed with shar]3 shells and rubble, to strike 

 which might wrench t:be boat or break her keel, so both of us moved 

 aft, I sitting well up on the deck of the overhang, and as we cb-ew 

 swiftly in let go the jib, which John clewed down with the downbaui, 

 and finally dipped the peak. The peak halliard had not straightened 

 out before we were grating the pebbles, and as the bead settled into 

 them wo stopped, having grounded on an even keel with the rudder 

 free in eighteen inches of water and the forefoot near enough to a 

 large stone for us to step out with dry boots. That, of coin-se, cannot 

 always be done, but 1 have found that a landing can usually be 

 efTected, even on worse shores, by a little care, and even if the boat 

 careens one good spring with the boathook secures a dry footing. 



"While we were >er. near the islands a couple of sailing canoes 

 started across the bay. evidently to test each other's speed, and fill- 

 ing awav after them we overbatded and passed l^hcm inside of half a 

 mile. Tlie v.dnd seemed to be too heavy for them, as neither canoe— 

 one a Kacine Shadow and the other a Stella Maris— would stand up 

 long. Sometimes tbev got kuock-down puffs that looked like cap- 

 sizing, and wiien tbev righted their decks were dripping, and gen- 

 erally a little bailing had to be done. We took water on board once 

 only.' which might have been avoided if I had luffed up sharp, but 

 holding rnv course st.eadily the top of one large wave moistened 

 things generally and made some of the fish think they were free 

 again." ' 



A "B" LINE FROM HUMBOLDT. 



THE steamer City of Chester, plying regularly eve i-y Wednesday 

 moniing to the port; of Eureka, on Humboldt Bay, found me, in 

 company with a friend sometimes known as "Osculuin," both armed 

 with cameras and numerous "litrbtniug'' plates, among her passengers. 

 The voyage un is not sta- tliugly full of incident, and a cold, raw fog 

 and keen N W. wind did not add to the holiday aspect of the occasion 

 nor was the regular blowins of tlie steamer's fog whistle conducive 

 to good temtjer. tiy great guoii luck, though, we ran into clear 

 weather in the course of the afternoon. As the weather cleared I 

 could see bla' k'i-h snoutim,- all about, while a small school of right 

 whale porpoises. Id>r, animated ml iber balls, bounded alongside. 



After a uikIjI dirTerm;; from other nights on shipboard only in the 

 fact that t he deck house, iu \yhieh was our stateroom, had a rather 

 greater ea piieiti,' i'oi- siiueakiug and groaning than usual, we found 

 ourselves off Hiiiiibnidt Bar {jno miles from San Franciscoi, watching, 

 with some' 1ntei-est, l lie movements of a large tug inside the unbroken 

 wall o.C foam befoi'e us- This was our pilot, and guided by her move- 

 ments and foUcvTuig close in her wake the Chester plunged through 

 fhe surf. I sbould have enjoyed this more if the officers hadn't seen 

 fit to order ns all into staterooms and saloons; an order which I bit- 

 terly resented, though it is frequently necessary to save careless or 

 iuexperienced passengers from injury from breaking seas. 



As there wasn't time to convince the Oaptain that I was entitled to 

 a deck passage on this occasion, ORCiilum and I did the best we could 

 with a statei-nom window. How it was on the other side of the ship 

 1 don't Iniow (1 heard tliey shipped one sea over the quarter), but 

 from oui- outlook nothing was to be seen but white water, and 1 am 

 convinced that when the Bar really gets up for business there is 

 nothing for anybody to do but to waxt till it gets through, and those 

 who are out stay out and those who are in stay in. 



As we ran in we saw wdiat seemed a schooner at anchor, but 

 presently perceived that she was hard and fast. Some mouths ago, 

 i(, seems, she \vas beins: towed in, and, running ahead onaliigsea, 

 carried the towlini; foul of the tug's screw. To save hersell' the tug 

 cut her adrift and lei: her go ashore, and there she remains; while the 

 tug people and the owners light it out in the Courts. If they don't 

 have very bad weather the chances are about even that the current 

 buries her, or takes a .slant, disrs a new channel and floats her. At 

 present one can walk arotmd her at low water. 



Being utter strangers in Eureka, we look the advice of a parson 

 aboard and put up at the Bay Hotel. We were, of course, taken for 

 drummers, partly Ijecause of our camera cases and considerably be- 

 cause in this part of the Avorld scarcely any one travels by sea for 

 pleasure. 



Sallymg fortli to see the town, we fell upon a gentleman who drew 

 soeniioinga piciure of the doings of the wood choppers and bull 

 punchers "up in the redwood.^" that Osculum was fain to go there. 

 As for me I said nLitliing until we were posting back to the hotel, 

 when I proposed to him that as 1 had come over 200 miles to be able 

 to answer in some sort an inquiry about the place, we had better 

 divide our forces, and while he investigated the habits of the ,stalwart 

 logger I would gently glide (as Vicing more in accord with my greater 

 age and higlier foveliead) over the rippling waters of the bay and we 

 should thus be able, by dividiog our labors, to double the amount of 

 otir information. 



A fog threatened next morn itig to interfere with ray plans, but by 

 DA. M. it bad cleared away, so seizing the "sample case" I sallied 

 forth in search of the pictairesque, spending the time tin til luncheon 

 snapping away ni all directions, hoping that some one of the shots 

 might be a good one. "Boats to let" next caught my eye, and ap- 

 proaching the estaiilishment to which the sign pertained, I caUi_,ht 

 .sight of a little cath.jat which had attracted my attention as we came 

 mtoport. I soon finished the lunch business, l^ft mv traps at the 

 hotel, and shortly found myself the pi-oprietor of the Bonita for the 

 aftei-noon. 



Being an utter stranger I didn't ask any questions, but just sailed 

 out to flud out for myself how things were. It was the top of high 

 water, which necessitated caution, as getting aground mierht mean 

 staying there until all hours, and T had no fancy for that. There was 

 a breeze that just heeled her down to her planksheer occasionally, 

 cverytbiutr about the boat was in good order (a mighty rare thing 'in 

 these small seaports, I've fouua), and I just let her slide. I sailed in 

 every direction the land would let me, and it seemed as if I had a fair 

 wind no matter where I went. They must have laid out the land with 

 reference to the wuid ; it'.^ the best arranged sheet of water I ever saw 

 The view of Eureka from the bay is charming, the houses clumped 

 together among a fair showing of trees and backed up hr a range of 

 mountains, clothed with towering redwood, pme. etc., while above all 

 lloated the grandest arrangement of white Clouds vou ever saw, with 

 torrents of smoke pouring from forest fires, miugliijg with and tinging 

 them a glorious copper bronze. How I wished for a picture of it all. 

 but my ■■change box" was em[)ty and there was no chance of loading 

 it until nightfall. Besides, I was rather rervous about trying to 

 manage a camera and a eatboat at the same time on a strange sheet 

 of \\ ater. 1 blessed Osculum for leaving me in the lurch, and took as 

 good a picture of it to •'hang on memory's wall" as p-rsi-stent gazing 

 would give me. Then I went over iand took a look at Areata (six 

 miles) and thought it looked better, if 8 nything, than Eureka and 



warned by dragging water that I'd better get out of that, and anon 

 looking to windward to see if that little puff meant mischief or was 

 only m fun. Takmg it by and large, I don't beUeve there's a jollier 

 sheet of \vater in the world for small boats, and I was told the woods 

 about shcltcix-a plenty of game, the water was full of fish, and m the 

 season oucks ere numerous. 



Osculum came along in a wheelbarrow boat towing a barge about 

 ti o eloek, so I put up the Bonita and hurried to unload at him giviae 

 It to him for -oing otT and missing such a glorious sail; but he seemed 

 to hiwb loeen bav'ing a prettty good sort of a time himself We took 

 a stroll after dinner (supper they call it here) but O. was pretty wefi 

 tagged, so we made it a short one, and after loading plate holders 

 for (he morrow, be turned in. 



\s iJie steamer srdled the next morning at 11 and O. was lazy and 

 wnnldii I ;<et up until 9 we had to hiir.y to do all we intended, O. to 

 lake the lumiierman's coi^kcous mansion and a view of the town from 

 Its cupola (It ho could get in) and I to get a picture of the Boni'a, I 

 received a warm welcome from Billv Brown, the boatman (I had 

 hired the boat of his wd> the day before) and he laid himself out 

 "^.n^'o I waited for the lastvesiiges nf (he njorning fog to clear away 

 - > . . ,jiie ^,],.;,,. ft.om San Fran- 

 He deplored the lack of 



C^o honor to "the gcutlenian who had 

 aq&vto have a sad on Humboldt B; 

 "sUitvteste among the 



q I!:-:-: -u; a;;a,r:-eHonatc fareweU 



certain ■■■!., ' " ' ' '-'!' Pieinres ul (he BoniLa it 1 



The sea on the bar war'''' '^^'^"'tss 1 And is so mighty un- 



ujcB sometimes. Once a druaicame aboard. It didn't come 

 T wouldn't be locked up, and 



when they got over the bar and had time to look for him they found 

 him jammed under one of the seats by the rail, audit he hadn't 

 caught there he would have gone overboard. Another time a sea 

 caught a third ofBcer and slammed bim against something so hard 

 that it literally knocked the top of his head off. The bar is all right, 

 but it won't stand any foolishness and is not adapted for canoeing; 

 the bay is. 



I tried to get a shot at the lighthouse as we passed out. but I guess 

 it was too far off; at any i-atel didn't get it, nor anything else but a 

 spoiled plate. Too much spray in the air, maybe. The lighthouse 

 steamer Manzanita, which left San Fi-ancisco an hour or so before us, 

 we fotmd outside as we crossed out. She was too far out for us to 

 see what she was doing; and a small steamer was off Eel Elver Bar 

 trying to get in, but gave it up as we passed, and, blowmg a long toot 

 of resignation, sailed for Humboldt, twenty miles away. ' 



The voyage down was devoid of special interest, except that it was 

 mortal cold that afternoon and got warmer at night. There were not 

 many passengers. People go to Humboldt, but don't care to leave it, 

 apparently. Don't blame them; wouldn't mmd living there myself. 

 The Captain told us a rather curious incident in reference to the 

 survey of the channel between Cape Mendocino and the outlying 

 rocks. The recital was suggested by my asking if it were not there- 

 abouts that the steamer Northerner, with so many lives, was lo.^t. and 

 wdiere First OIHcer French distingui.shed himself by gallant devotion 

 and lost his life. It was somewhere about '03, 1 think. 



So many disasters had occurred in making the passage (cn route 

 to Oregon) that a careful survey of the channel was determined on. 

 A tug was employed for some six months, I think, dragging anrl 

 sounding, and they were on their last day's work. The bearings had 

 all been noted and everything plotted ready for publication. Pretty 

 much every one was below at dinner, and the tug slowly steaming 

 along through the channel with a d' ag out for a final trial, when the 

 lookout reported the di-ag fold. Kxamiuation revealed a rock with 

 six feet of water on it, and so pointed that even in the roughest 

 weather the sea never broke there, and for six months they had been 

 waltzing aU arotma it. It was like Clippie's ''Sunken Kock," and in 

 another day they would have been piloting all the steamers on the 

 route on to it. As it was, the channefwas de^clared too dangerous to 

 be navigated, and a whistling buoy well off shore warns vessels to go 

 outside the outer rocks. B. 



THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A SENIOR CLASS. 



Editor Forest and Stream: 



Mr. Gibson's suggestion to form a senior class of sailors and pad- 

 dlers in the A. C. A., embodied in the letter published in your issue of 

 Oct. 22, is a capital one. The idea— making the races of interest to 

 the many — has been never lost sight of by the officers of the Associa- 

 tion, as modifications in rules each .year will attest. The Kecord Avas 

 suggested as a means of keeping iij) I he interest to win as good a 

 place as possible in every race, and to increase the number of con- 

 testants in all races. The bne-mau-in-ono-ca.noe rule is in the interest 

 of the manv, by making it impossible for a man to \vin more than a 

 very limited number of first prizes at any one meet. Mr. Giltson's 

 letter sngges s rules which will prevent the winning of the races by 

 the same men for several years, and the consequent retmng of many 

 others from races iu which their presence is desirable. 



Mr. (jilison asks us to commit our ideas to paper. I can only lay 

 claim to one idea in this ma tter, aud perhaps that is but half a one. 

 Mr. Gibson suggests four races won lo class a man a senior. The 

 amendments or new rules he would have acted on at once, so hs to 

 be in force at the next meet, presumably to help clear the field of 

 men tolerably sure of winning. If my remembrance of the various 

 races held by the A. C. A. since its birth is correct, there will he. but 

 two seniors in the A. C. A. next August, one paddler and one sailor. 

 At the last two meets there iiave been some five or sis men who have 

 had about equal chances. The six Class B races sailed in two years 

 have all been won by different men. Therefore I ask, would it ij#t be 

 better to make the total number three instead of four'/ If any racer 

 is niclined to think that this is a little game on my part to get into the 

 senior baveu, 1 may add that the number w-ould still have to he re- 

 duced one to admit me, as 1 have but two Hrsti to show. The senior 

 rule would bold for the paddling races and the sailing races only I 

 presume. The sailing paddling race, upset, hurry -s(-urry, and like 

 events being open to all on even terms, with prizes to the winner, oe 

 he senior or not. Is this the intention"/ If not, I think it should be. 



C. B . Vaux. 



SPRINGFIELD. C. C. REGATTA. 



THE Springfield C. C. held a very successful regatta on Oct. 17 on 

 the Connecticut River. A lit tie after noon tho tug Owl came up 

 from Hartford with Com Jones, .Mr. and Mrs. Parmele, .\. W. Dodd 

 and C. R. Forrest. At 2 P. M. the first raee, open paddline svas called, 

 with five starters: Ivereid, G. D. Pratt; Peconsic, .John Eiiwles; 

 Varuna, F. D. Foot; Vision, C. McKnight; Gracie, E. c Knappe. 

 Nereid led over the course, with Peconsic second. Mr. Pratt whis 

 the club paddling badge for the second time. 



The next race was a two-mile saUine race, seven entries: Venture, 

 L. Q. -Jones; Ibis, E H. Barney; Svlph, Emil Knappe; Vision, A. W, 

 Dodd; Gluck, John Bowles: tTirofia, F .-V. Nickerson; Girofle, C. H. 

 McKnight. It wa-? a beat down the river, Venture leading at the buoy 

 and coming in ahead at the finish. The times were: 



Start. Finish. Actual. 



Venture....... ........3 19 15 3 53 10 .33 46 



Ibis-.. - 2 18 44 2 56 36 ,87 52 



Sylph 2 19 1.3 2 5S 48 .39 35 



Vision 8 18 57 3 58 21 39 24 



Gluck 2 19 85 5{ 00 25 40 50 



Girofla 3 19 00 3 01 17 42 17 



Gu-ofie 2 19 05 .3 04 58 44 5.3 



AU iiut Girollts, which capsized just before the start, went in for the 

 no ballast race that followed. Ibis led at the start, but Venture soon 

 passed her and again won. The times were: 



Start. Finish. Actual. 



Ventura 3 IS 50 8 33 28 16 48 



Gluck • 3 IfJ 13 3 34 13 18 00 



Sylph 3 16 3i 8 34 40 18 09 



Vision 8 15 34 3 34 00 18 26 



Girofla 3 15 13 3 ,34 .34 19 21 



Ibis 3 15 01 3 .34 35 19 31 



The entries in the novices' race were: ^'aruna, F. D. Foot; Joie. C. 

 W. Bliss, and Oahu, C. R. Forrest, of Hartford. Varuna wa.s disabled 

 by an accident to her rudder, and Oahu won in a very light breeze. 



The tandem race brought out Pratt and Knappe, Jones and Dodd. 

 and Bowles and McKnight. It was very close until near the turn. 

 when Pratt and Knappe took the lead, but soon lost it, Bowles and 

 McKniiht finally winning. Com. Jones won the hand-paddling race, 

 and McKnight won the standing race. 



A CANOE AGAINST SAILING BOATS. -A race for a cup was 

 sailed on the 13th inst. by the small boats of the Statcn Island Ath- 

 letic Club, consisting of the following: Oriole. G. H. Frieze; .Tosie, 

 Lewis Morris; Social, F. L. Lippitt; Sm-ge, H. O. Bailey. The Oriole 

 and Social are each 14ft. long, and about 5ft. beam, the former center- 

 board, the latter keel. The Josie is 16ft. long and about 4ft. beam, 

 with fixed iron centerboard. The Surge is a canoe built by Mr. W. P. 

 Stephens, of West New Brighton, for the owner, and is of Sandy 

 Hook model. The first three mentioned boats are all rigged with jib 

 and mainsail, in addition to which the Social and Oriole carried spin- 

 nakers. The course was from the mouth of the Staten Island Kills 

 round Robbin's Reef lighthouse, thence to and around a stakeboat 

 anchored off Bayonne, and finish at the starting point. There was a 

 good sailing breeze from the south'ard with smooth water except 

 near Bayonne, w^here it was lumpy. The lime of each boat was taken 

 at the start and finish. TheSoeuiland Oriole started well to wind- 

 ward and tm^ned the lighthouse first, followed by the Josie and Sm-ge 

 close together. The Surge soon after passed "the Josie and main- 

 tained a slight lead down the wincl to near the stakeboat, where, 

 owing to. sohie difficulty m recognizing it, the Josie sailed a more 

 direct course and again took the lead. The Oriole and Social were 

 greatly assisted on this part of the course by their spinnak. rs which 

 were worked by the "crew," each boat except the Surge carrying 

 captain and assistant, but all four turned the stakeboat within half a 

 minute of each other. From this point to the finish was a beat to 

 windward, and the Surge soon took the lead and kept increasing it, 

 biiishiug llmin. ahead of the Josie, which was second, and winning 

 the cup. There was no time allowance, 



THE GUENN-SH/\HPIE RAi.rE.--l.ylU'.r Forcsl avil SI rent, ■ I 

 requ> St that you correct .yuur statement made in canoeing column of 

 Oct. 22, that the race was called between the canoe Uuenn and the 

 sharpie. Finding the wind so Ughi that my boat could not stem the 

 tide at the finish of first rounil, 1 called to my oijponent, then well 

 on his second round, owned hLs boat the victor and the stakes lost. 

 This statement is but just to a courteous and most gentlemanly com- 

 petitor, whose handhug of his boat was admirable and whom 1 hope 

 to meet agam and turn the tables on some time, sure in any event of 

 i\^r\'"''ro '■■^'t? ^"iPy'M '^".'^ " plea-sant CLmipauion.-GuENN (Oct. 22. 

 IN-o). [Rev Dr. iseide writes us that Mr, Whitlock has notified him 

 that the suin ot twenty-live dollars toward an ini^emational cup is at 

 his diaposa.],] ' ^ 



THE BARNKOAT CRUI3ER.-Mr. Bishop has HnLshed his tests of 

 the new sneakbox to which he has eiveu the above name and (he 

 American Single-Handed Cruising club has contracted with .John D. 

 Gifford, of Tom's River, for fifty Vi and Mft. boats for its friends and 

 members. 



TWO AMATEUR CANOE BUILDERS.— We have received from Mr. 

 T. X. Satterthwaite, of Muskegon, Mich,, a photograph of two canoes 

 built in the evenings of last winter by himself and friend from the 

 directions in "Canoe and Boatbuilding for Amateurs.'' The lines are 

 those of the Laloo, taken ft-om the same work, and both canoes are 

 fitted with balance lugs and full Nautilus reefing gear, as described 

 therein. The photoeraph shows t wo very handsome boats, the plank 

 ing being better than most professional work. The boats are budt of 

 Michigan white pine, copper-fastened. They cruised this summer on 

 the Muskegon River. Both the builders were amateurs, entirely un- 

 acquainted with boatbuilding, and aided only by the book men- 

 tioned. 



"SENECA'S" CRUISER.— JE'tijfor Forest and Strremn: I didn't in- 

 tend "Katrina" to understand that I wanted an "introduction'' from 

 him. He well knows that he doesn't need any. I meant, and said, I 

 think, that I would he glad to give canoeists of "Katiina's" stamp, 

 who brought me a card from Forest and STaEAM,a trial of my Bame- 

 gat cruiser. If "Katrina" will stop off at Rahway, N. J., on his next 

 trip to New York, and go to the Advor.ate office, just across from the 

 railroad station, I will show him the cruiser in a five minutes' walk 

 from there, introduction or no introduction. — H. H. Sounn ("Se'-teoa"). 



A NEW CANOE CLUB IN CINCINNATI.- The Cincinnati C. C, only 

 a few years ago one of the most promment in the country, has en- 

 tirely disappeared from the meets and from canoeing circles, and 

 canoeing has been at a low ebb in Cincinnati for some time, a circum- 

 stance much to be regretted, as it was once the home of some of our 

 best saUors. On Oct. 23 a new club was formed by some members of 

 the Cin. Boat Club who are also canoeists. The organization is not 

 yet complete, but there is good material for a club, and we may hope 

 next year to see some more big lateens at the meet. 



CANOEING AT KINGSTON.-The Royal MiUtary College Boat 

 Club has amalgamated with the canoe club, under the name of R. M. 

 C Canoe and Boat Club. The officers, elected last month, are: Com- 

 modore, Major Fairdough; Vice-Commodore. Sergt. Morrow; Rear 

 Commodore, Corp. Henneker. The club now has nine canoes. The 

 burgee is triangular, a red cro.ss on white ground with crown in upper 

 white square. A canoe race was sailed on Oct. 14, Sergt. Morrow 

 winning. 



A CURIOUS LITTLE CRAFT. -A boat that would delight the heart 

 of "Deja" was lately launched at .Sunderland, England, by Messrs. 

 Denues & Co. She is a little cutter 1.3ft. over all, 3ft. Sin. beam 

 3ft. Gin. draft, unoapsizablo and uusinkable, with a closed well aft. 

 She has sleeping room for one, oil stove aud wash basin. On 

 launchiu.g she was at once te.sted in some heavy squalls, aud proved 

 very able and weatherly. Her name is the Titwillow. 



SAN FRANCISCO.- The Oakland C. C. are now in new quartei'Si 

 and some new boats are expected next spring. The Mousquito fleet 

 is still active. 



HOWARD C. C— This club held their fall regatta on Oct. 3t on the 

 Charles River. A. G. Webster won the sailing race. 



Address all. communicutions to tfie Forest mid Stream FubUgh- 

 ng Co. ' 



WHOSE WATERLOO? 



(Concluded.) 



'\\TITYI the above the evidence in support of my case is by no 

 \ \ means exhausted. I hold and have always held: 



That in regard to speed, type does not enter the problem at all. 



That within the limits yet e.xperimented upon, we may look for litfe 

 speed under normal conditions of wind and water, through the entire 

 range of type from oue extreme to the other. 



That no one type can be singled out as innately the fastest. 



That, as between representations of the various types, success will 

 crown the most perfect fashiotung in itself, be the dimensions what- 

 ever they may. 



The coroUary to the foregoing definitions being, that no virtue 

 whatever inheres to beam itself as a contributor to speed and that an 

 addition to beam in no wise carries with it an increased opportunity 

 for the production of speed. 



Furthermore that no comparative value can be assigned to much 

 or httle beam, the value of beam depending altogether upon the in- 

 dividual shape of hull with which it Is associated." AVhat might be a 

 beneficial or j udioious amount of beam in one shape would be murder- 

 ing the chances for speed in another. Hence inferences regard- 

 ing speed bunt simply upon a consideration of beam in its 

 single capacity, regardless ot the shape, volume, etc , of the hull are 

 so much idle tattle. No wonder then, that at this late day no two 

 persons wiU agree upon just what is ■'the best proportion of beam to 

 length." No such proportion exists. It will vary for each and every 

 fashioning of hull. In consistency and harmony with the design as a 

 whole, it may be imperative in one shape to reduce beam until the 

 boat is pinched into the proverbial "plank on edge." And for the 

 same reason it may be imperative in another shape to expand beam 

 to the maximum until the boat assumes the likeness of a pancake. 



But, in neither extreme, nor iu any intermediate compromise, do 

 the possibihties for speed under normal conditions depend upon the 

 proportion which the beam b ears to the length. Speed will be at- 

 tained in strict conformity to the judgment shown in apportioning 

 the various elements to the particular beam selected, aud m all cases, 

 of course, with thejjerfection displayed in /aimers of budy. 



The correctness of these deductions is amply sustaiood by experi- 

 ence hi yacht racing. It is only upon unreserved admission of these 

 deductions that we can reconcile the otherwise inexplicable and im- 

 possible fact thatthe highest rate of speed has been shown by every 

 type of yacht, from the wedgelike six-beam cutter Clara to the flat- 

 test and broadest of sloops and representatives of various interme- 

 diate proportions. 



In illustration: A Puritan of more perfect form upon her own 

 beam than a Qenesta upon her own smaller beam will possess greater 

 possibilities for speed. And the contrary just as well. A Qenesta of 

 more perfect form upon her small beam than a Puritan upon her 

 larger beam will have within her design the more favorable chances. 



So far, then, as a contest between a cut'er and a sloop is concerned, 

 the residt wiU not be in accordance with their beam. Nor does their 

 type enter into the problem at all. The result will hinge solely upon 

 the reia'ive perfection of torm upon the beam chosen. 



A well-shaped Puritan will beat a Genesta of less hkely form. A 

 well-shaped Genesta will beat a Purii,an of less hkely form. That is 

 all there Is to the contest between cutter aud sloop on the score of 

 speed in smooth water aud good sailing breeze. E.xperience has, how- 

 ever, well established one fact in addition. The narrow boat can be 

 driven through lumpy water to better advantage than the broad boar, 

 since the clumsier hips and flatter floor of the latter meet with more 

 violent opposition from the sea, from the eft'ects of which a le jn, wall- 

 sided and heavier hull suffers less check to uninterrupted onward 

 motion. In light and fickle winds accompanied by more or less swell, 

 the greater angle of heel aud greater weight of the narrow boat seem 

 also to invest her with greater possibilities for speed than can be got 

 from broader, lighter, stiffer forms. This has, however, not been so 

 firmly established a.s yet, but that difference of opinion may rightfully 

 exist. 



All this upon the supposition that in point of mechanical features* 

 all types are assumed on an eciuallty. 



Turning to the volume "Small Yachts," written last winter, I find 

 the following from my pen, which covers the ground as above: "In 

 view of the varied results of races during the past few years, it is 

 moie than ever convincing that far too much stress is laid upon mere 

 type by itself when the question of speed is agitated, and that, the 

 clue to success should be sought in the most favorable selection Of 

 hulk and general symmetiy of huU, let the cai'dinal din.ensions be 

 wdiat tbev may. We have all seen .square races won by out and out 

 cutters, tiy half breeds with and without keel, and with a httle of 

 botli, by orthodox Ughi drafts of a past epoch, and by all kinds of 

 go-betweens. Extensive and close observation will in the long run 

 justify the view that all tyjies withiu certain not well defined fiinits 

 can be maue to reach e<iually high rates of sjjeed, tliough some vtill 

 excel under certain conditions and others again under an opposite 

 state of art'airs. But it will ever be a losing game to pit against per- 

 fection of one type anything of another possessed of less correctness 

 of form." 



This declaration receives further strength from extraneous sources; 

 for look at the recent international races as one may, in the language 

 of tha Spirit of the Time.';, ''the net result is that' noth yacht.s are 

 about eijual in speed. '_' The stability of my position is likewise in-, 

 sured by the performance of the six-beam t'laia m the third or lA^ 

 angular match outside the Hook, when the Vice-Commodore's Cup 

 was the bone of contention 



The smaller class of singlestiCKers were represented by the 

 thoroughbred Clara as one extreme, the Isis as a cutter of four 

 beams, the Daphne as a modern compromise of the Puritan stnpe 

 with three beams to load line, a little keel aud outside lead with a 

 centerboard dropping through and more than usual depth, and also 

 the Athlon, a good and true sloop, though not as flat and shoal as the 



