Forest and Stream. 



A Weekly Journal of the Rod and Gun. 



Terms, $4 a Ybab. 10 Cts. a Copy. ^ 

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NEW YORK, NOVEMBER 19, 1888. 



j VOL. XXV.— No. 17, 



i Nos. 39 & 40 Park Bo-w, New Yobk. 



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OONTENTa. 



Editorial. 



Horace Smith. 



Teach them on the Keservation. 



The Fish Commission. 



The Challenge of the Arrow. 



Sail Area and Canoe Racing. 



Western Game and Hunting-. 

 The Sportsman Tourist. 



A Chateaugay Esperienee. 

 ■ Among the Gulf Keys. 



Camping in Florida. 

 Natural Historv. 



The White Goat. 



Habits of the Gila Monster. 

 Game Bao and Gun. 



Some Old-Time Rifles. 



Shooting Resorts Near New 

 York. 



Days With the Wildfowl, 



Ontario Game. 



Forty Years at Barnegat. 



Deer in the Adirondacks. 

 CAiiP-FiRE Flicker] NG.«i. 

 Sda and River Ij'ishing. 



Lakes of Northern Minnnesota. 



Sea and RnisR Fishing. 

 A Salmon Experience. 

 How to Catch Carp, 



FiSHOULTURE. 



The Culture of Shad. 

 The Kennel. 



TJie Philadelphia Trials. 



'i'he Eastern Field Trials. 



New .Terie.v Club Trials. 



Western Field Trials. 



Kennel Management. 

 RiPLB AND Trap Shootinb. 



The ' Forest and Stream" Tra- 

 jeciory Test. 



Range and Gallery. 



The Trap. 

 Canoeing. . 



A Dockrat Race. 



A Canoe Yawl in Sweden. 



Meets, Racing and Cruising. 

 Yachting. 



Ctiallengeto American Yachts. 



Whose Waterloo;- 



Genesta's Passage. 

 Answers to Ccbbebpondsnts. 



TEACH THEM ON THE RESEBVATION, 



SOME of the good people of the East appear to think 

 fhat they have found a remedy for all the troubles of 

 the Indian. They imagine that they have discovered a pro- 

 cess for transforming him by a stroke of the pen into a good 

 citizen and a self-supporting agriculturist. These excellent 

 people recommend that the tribal relations of the Indians be 

 broken up and that a portion of their lands be allotted to 

 each family, and made inalienable for a term of years. .Tust 

 how this change of the government of the tribes is going to 

 transform the lazy and generally worthless Indian of to-day 

 into the horny-handed and prosperous farmer of, say, ten 

 years hence is not explained to the satisfaction of any one 

 who is familiar with Indian character. 



Curiously enough, the recommendation of the good people 

 of tlie East is echoed by a very large proportion of the people 

 of the West. These people of the West we shoul d be sorry 

 to call bad, but it is very certain that their motives are en- 

 tirely different from those which actuate their Eastern allies. 

 The latter know the Indian only in type, and are struggling 

 according to their lights in favor of a sentiment. They 

 imagine that the Indian can be legislated into fitness for 

 citizenship; that an act of Congi'ess can protect him from all 

 the evils that tlireaten him. 



The Western people who are working with them are striv- 

 ing after the valuable lands now held by the Indians. One 

 set of men desire solely to benefit the Indians, The other 

 have little regard for them, but ai'e keenly anxious to benefit 

 themselves. And yet, with these wholly opposite motives, 

 the same course is urged by both. 



To break up the present tribal relationship, to make the 

 Indian a citizen, allot to each family his plot of ground and 

 tell him to support himself, would mean nothing less than 

 annihilation to the wild Indian tribes of the West. 



The Indian is not fit for citizenship, nor is he fit to take 

 his quarter section and farm it. He does not know, in the 

 first place, how to perform the simplest work, still less does 

 he know how to undertake all the various labors of tlie 

 farmer. We wonder how many of the Eastern people who 

 desire to see the Indian lands allotted in severalty have any 

 Idea of the amount and variety of work which must be done 

 by the settler who takes up a homestead of wild land in the 

 West. It i§ simply beyond the comprehension of any one 



who has not himself been through it. Indefatigable indus- 

 try, unfailing ingenuity, indomitable pluck, these are some 

 of the qualities required in the settler, the man who without 

 capital and with only a few horses or cattle and a small out- 

 fit of implements, undertakes to make for liimself a home in 

 the Far West. It can be done by him who has the requisite 

 qualifications; but no sluggard, no man unaccustomed to 

 work can do it. 



Has the Indian these qualifications? At present he has 

 none of them. He is not used to work; let the squaws dig 

 in the fields. He knows nothing of tools or machinery ; to 

 him these things are "medicine." If he can be induced to 

 work, he wants to see some result of his toil at once; and 

 after laboring in a desultory fashion for a little while he be- 

 comes discouraged and thinks that it is of no use. If his 

 farm were given him outright he would sell it the next day, 

 if possible, for a little sugar, coffee, tobacco and red cloth. 

 It is proposed that his land shall be inalienable for a period 

 of years, so he could not sell that; but he would sell his crop,s, 

 if he raised any, and his tools, whenever he happened to 

 want anything. His cows he would kill for beef as often as 

 he was hungry. There would remain his farm and his 

 horses. The first he could not sell, the latter he would not. 

 His land could be made inalienable, his personal property 

 could not. But of what use would the land be to him with- 

 out the means of cultivating it? 



It is vain to hope to elevate the Indian by any such project 

 as this one, which has several times recently been recom- 

 mended by conventions of well-meaning friends of the 

 Indians. No mere series of resolutions or act of legislature 

 will at once make any radical change in his nature. The 

 civilizing of these people must of necessity be a gradual 

 process, and to be successful it mu.st be carried _^nn_ intelli- 

 gently, and by those who know something of their nature 

 and their needs. 



What the Indian requires is education, and by education 

 we mean more than mei'e book learning. The education of 

 the plow and the reaper, of the hammer and the forge, of 

 the axe and the sawmill, are worth to him far more at the 

 present moment than to know how' to read and to write. 

 These last are important, but only to the children. They 

 must be brought up in the white man's way, and before they 

 have strength to labor must be taught self-control, con- 

 centration and a knowledge of their own powers. And by 

 as much as they are thoroughly taught these things, by so 

 much will the task of teaching them to earn their bread bo 

 made more easy. 



Teach the adult Indian, then, to labor with his hands. 

 Make him understand that the white man has to work in 

 order to get food for his family, wagons to cart his wood in, 

 horses to draw his load, money to buy sugar, coffee, tobacco 

 and red cloth, and that to have all these good things the 

 Indian must work too. Show him his boys and girls in the 

 schoolroom, and let him see that they are learning to read 

 and write like white people, and that they have discarded 

 their blankets and wear the white man's clothes. He will 

 grumble, will say that once his people owned all the country, 

 and that to work is fit only for a squaw; but little by little 

 he will come to see that he must work, and — he will take 

 hold. At first he wall learn slowly, will for a long time need 

 help and encouragement, will have to be shown over and 

 over again how to do the same thing; but in the end he will 

 conquer and will become a .successful worker, as so many 

 of his civilized brothers have done before him. To be sue 

 cessful his education must be conducted under the present 

 system, or under something nearly like it. With good 

 agents and a very considerable increase in the force of in- 

 dustrial teachers the Indians can be taught more effectively 

 and more inexpensively on the agency than elsewhere. Let 

 him remain in his present condition of tutelage until he is 

 able to take care of himself, and then it will be time enough 

 to talk of breaking up the tribal relations. 



A Eeport is in circulation that twenty bison were killed 

 recently by a party of EngUshmen in the Yellowstone 

 National Park. We are unable to trace this statement to 

 any authentic source, and on its face it bears the stamp of 

 unprobability. If it is true, a great outrage has been com- 

 mitted, for which the perpetrators should be made to suffer 

 the most severe penalties. If it is true it only emphasizes the 

 great need of a larger force of assistant superintendents in 

 the Park, and of assistant superintendents who have some idea 

 of their duties. The number of bison existing in North 

 America at the present time is probably not over seven 

 hundred, all told, and may be much smaller. At all events 

 there are so few of them left that no means should be left 

 tmtried to protect and cherish those that still survive, 



THE PISH G0MMI88I0N'. - 



FOR some week.s there have been vague rumors in the air 

 that Congress was about to appoint a committee at its 

 next meeting to investigate the management of the United 

 States Fish Commission, and that the First Auditor of the 

 Treasury had some grave complaints to make against Prof. 

 Baird. These rumors came in the newspapers in the form 

 of hints without specifications, and were therefore not in a 

 shape to comment upon. It now appears th.at the First 

 Auditor does not approve of the scientific investigations, nor 

 of fishculture in general. He has declined to audit a bill for 

 plumbing at Wood's Holl, on the ground that it was not 

 necessary for fishculture, and has imputed unlawful expend- 

 iture to Prof. Baird in erecting a "residence building" at 

 that place. 



The facts seem to be that in order to facilitate the work at 

 Wood's Holl a building was necessary for the workers, 

 especially as there was no hotel near, and that Congress 

 authorized the erection of a suitable stnicture. So far the 

 First Auditor's criticisms were upon the wisdom of Congress 

 and not upon the head of the Fish Commission. But the 

 plumbing bill caught his eye. Was it necessary to have 

 lead pipes, brass cocks and wash basins? Might not fish be 

 hatched without the two former, and by men with dirty 

 hands? It certainly seems so to the gentleman who, dressed 

 in a little brief authority, felt it necessary that he should do 

 something to spread his name broadcast through the land as 

 a strict economist and a guard upon the Treasury, and whose 

 sleepless eye unceasingly searched for unauthorized lead pipe. 



There is not the least doubt that Prof. Baird would be glad 

 to have his methods and expenditures investigated by a com- 

 mittee of men who knew something of the value of scientific 

 work or of practical fishculture, on which all civilized gov- 

 ernments expend more or less iiMney. _ The First Auditor 

 exposes his ignorance of fishculture by spey}i?u^'ij\''lt as pro- 

 ducing a "few pails full of minnows." A perusal of the 

 reports of the United States Commission and those of the 

 different State Commissions, or the volumes of Forest and 

 Stre.\m, would theoretically qualify him to judge how 

 many "minnows" those pails held, what becomes of them, 

 and how the people in the vicinity of their place of deposit 

 regard them. He would then be more capable of expressing 

 an opinion concerning work which is appreciated by intel- 

 ligent people at home and abroad. 



It may not be known to the First Auditor that a large part 

 of the very valuable work done every summer at Wood's 

 Holl is volunteer labor by students in the different 

 colleges, who do it for love of it, and without a roof over 

 their heads and a wash basin they would not find it possible 

 to live on the rocks of Buzzard's B:iy. 



It is quite possible that the employees of the Commission 

 might hatch some fish at Wood's Holl without wash bowls, 

 yet it is not probable that any reasonable being would ask 

 them to do so, but it is not possible to keep many forms of 

 marine animals alive without running water, and it is only 

 when they are living that their habits can be observed. 

 This, however, is a matter that the First Auditor does not 

 seem able to comprehend, or else he is trying to build up a 

 personal reputation by slurring scientific work and question- 

 ing the wisdom of Congress in making appropriations. 



THE GHALLENOE OF THE ARROW. 



THE challenge which we print this week on behalf of 

 the famous old Arrow should give a new impetus to the 

 international competition which has been by far the main 

 feature in the year's yachting. Abroad the season has been 

 anything but brilliant, and at home it has been even worse in 

 the regular races, the only enlivening feature of the year 

 being the contests for the America Cup, which have stirred 

 up designers, builders and yachtsmen here, and have created 

 almost as much excitement abroad. It is too early yet to 

 conjecture the condition of yacht racing in 1886, but leaving 

 out the Cup races, we would have little grounds on which 

 to prophesy a brilliant season here or abroad, judging from 

 this year or the previous one. On both sides entries have 

 been few among the leading races, and the large fleets of 

 long ago seem to have left the field to a chosen and select 

 few— Irex, Marjorie, Gcnesta, Wendur, Lorna; and here 

 Bedouin, Gracie, Mischief, Grayling, Montauk and Fortuna. 

 Abroad the nearly created B and C classes promise a revival 

 of sport; but here there is no similar influence at work. 



The international races, however, put a different aspect on 

 the matter; here they have revived a general interest in 

 yachting, and Puritan's success has resulted in an increased 

 enthusiasm on ail hands. Abroad they are little likely to 

 )-est for fifteen years before anothejr trial, A defeat like this 



