Jajt. 31, 1886.] 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



BIS 



can break) have three important points to look'after if they ever ex- 

 pect tobe a success at the trap with the present flying tarpels, viz : 



First— If your gun does not pattern 400 or thereabouts in a 30-in. 

 circe, as heretofore referred to, trade it ofE and get one that will. 



Second— Practice the National rules on petting your (?uii up on the 

 word "pull," which Mill enable you to make a hit within 35yds. of 

 the score and this is what tells. " 



Third— Drop in ahead of all quartering birds from Sft. to 3ft. and 

 sometimes 4i'r., a little low (and never on a level), just as qtiick as the 

 old scraioh will allow you and ptdl, and in this way you will hit your 

 bird with a dozen pellets of shot Instead of two or three pellets. In 

 making my last score of 25 .sU-aight blackbirds, I can truthfully say 

 that I dil not hold squarely on a single bird out of the whole 25, 

 All shooters mav not hold alike; some shoot with a moving gun, 

 while others fall" in ahead and atop to pull. My method is to follow 

 np and pass ahead of a quartering bird (holding low) and pull as soon 

 as -1 am yatlsiled with my lead I have endeiivored to describe as 

 near as possible my manner of bitting the new targets. 



N. t).— After once learning how to hold, stick to one bx-and and 

 grain of powder, or you will be making lots of those ••unaccountable 

 misses" again, VV. C. EtlNMAM. 



Leavkxworth, Kansas. 



BOSTON, .Tan. 13.— The range at Walnut Hill to-day was crowded 

 with trap ahoorers from all over the State, to witness the team match 

 for the aiassachusetts Glass Ball Association champion liadge, which 

 was won by the Worcester Club by one point. The result was not 

 determiued uniil the last shot had beeu fired by the Massachusetts 

 Kitle Association. Appended are tl'e results of the different sweeps: 

 Team matcb for the challenge team badge of the Massachusetts State 

 Glass Ball Association, 20 Kuoxviile blackbirds per man. 



Worcester Sportsman's Club. J\las>achiiset(s Rifle Association. 



Eager lllinOOllliniltOll- 17 l)ijkHy...,llllilOil001111]lllt— 17 



Houghtou.OimOlOl 00111101110—13 Curris 01010101110111111001— la 



Davis OOlomoOOlOOinoOlOl— 8 Nichols.. ..01100011100101111100-10 



Gilman....! 11001 iniKiOlloill-lfi Kussell. . ..lOlOlllOOOllOOlllOlO— 11 

 W S Porry.lJ00i0l(X1l009]0)lin-ll Law 11110100111011111100-14 



Suffolk Sportsman's Olub. 

 Robinson. .10011111101101001010 

 Sampson, . lOOOlllOOlOIOlOJim- 

 Warren .... 1011 om 001 0100 1 1 001- 

 Libby looioooiiiniooomi 



65 64 

 Wellington Gun Club. 



-12 Snow 00011100110100101000— 7 



-U Shumway.iOOOnOOOlllOin 1110-13 



-11 BufPum ..OlOOlll 1010101111000—11 



~H Sanboin... 11011010000090100111— 7 



W SJ'erry.OllllOlOlOOllOllllU-13 Schaefer. .01111111111110111111-18 



60 56 

 Sweepstake matches.- 1. Five clay pigeons— Warren, Shumway 

 and Snow first. 2. Three pairs double— Dickey first. 3. Five straight- 

 away blackbirds -Stark first. 4. Seven cJay-pigeons— Dickey first. 

 5. Five pairs clay-pigeons, double— Dickey. Davis and Stark first. 6. 

 Seven straightaway blackbirds— Stark, Schaefer and Tirrell first 7. 

 Twenty Kuoxviile blackbirds, all angles- Schaefer first. 8. Novelty 

 match— Pond, Clark and .Jones first. 9. Three pairs clay-pigeons, 

 double- Schaefer first. 10. Five straightaway _b lack birds— Dickey 

 first. 11. Seven clay -pigeons, all angles— Dickey and Eager first. 13. 

 Twopairclay-pigeons— Stark first. 13. Five clay-pigeons- Curtis and 

 Eaeer first. 14. Five clay-pigeons— Stark first. ^5. Five blackbirds 

 —Nichols first. IC. Jliss and out match— Stark first. 



WASHINGTON HEIGHTS GUN CLUB.— Jan. IG.— Match at 10 live 

 birds each, dlyds., SOyds. boundary, both barrels. There has been 

 considerable talk about toe respective merits of the contestants and 

 the end is not yet, as the following score will show; 

 Disbrow.,. 11111111111111111111—20 Harrison. .11111111111011111111— 19 

 TerwilligexllllllllOlllllllllll— 19 Foimtain-.lllllllllllllUinil— 20 



39 39 

 Sweepstake at 5 birds: C. B. Terwilliger 3}4, Montgomery }4, Dun- 

 seith4J^, Brenner 4, Cromwell il4, Male 4, Ball 2, Roe 3. Second 

 sweepstake at 8 birds: C. R. Terwilliger 2, Dunseith 3, Brenner 3, 

 Cromwell .3, Male 2}4, Disbrow Roe 2. 



SINGLE-HANDED SHOOTING. -With the thermometer at twelve 

 degrees, and strong westerly wind whirling the dusty snow about 

 Mr. William Giles, better known on Euglish pigeon grounds as "Mr. 

 Graliam," started his match "gun vs. birds" at Erb's grounds, Bloom- 

 field Road, near Newark, N. J., on January 13. The match was for 

 $200 a side, Graham hacidng Himself to kill 35 birds out of 50, five 

 traps. 27 yards rise, eighty yards boundary, the shooter to use but 

 one hand but having the privilege to use "both barrels. As was ex- 

 pected, the guu won w ith two birds to spare, killing 37 biids. As Mr. 

 Graham is well known in America from hi.s shooting contests on the 

 London Club Grounds, England, with Dr. Carver, the annoimcement 

 of a match secured an attendance of about .=ixhundred persons. Mr. 

 Graham is a very thick-set man of medium height, with abundant 

 self possession to hold his own in first class company. There is no 

 doubt that he is a very steady shot. When he went to the score he 

 waved his gun about with one hand much after the manner of Theo- 

 dore Thomas when be leads his famous orchestra. Then he sights 

 bis gun at the end traps, his left hand being just in front of the 

 trigger guard. Dropping the heel plate to the pit of his stomach he 

 retires his left hand to the back of his coat tails, as distinguished ora- 

 tors do when making an oration. He calls "Ready," then "Pull" 

 and the instant the bird leaves the ground he raises his light ham- 

 merless gun to his shoulder and shoots very quickly, at times his Jirst 

 barrel is a brilliant snap shot. He began his shooting at half past 

 one o'clock, John Erb trapping the birds. The match was concluded 

 at ten minutes past two o'clock. Mr. Graham|used ShuKz powder, 

 and its performance ac long distances was remarkably quick and 

 powerful. The birds were retrieved by Erb's Msh setter Nick. Sum- 

 marizing the shooting it may he said that 16 of the birds were drivers 

 20 right quarters, 10 left quarters, 2 towers, and 2 incomers. Birds 

 killed witn two barrels 10; clean misses two barrels 2; these were the 

 37lh and 8?r,h birds, both low drivers. The misses with the first bar- 

 rel were the 17th and 21st birds. All the others were hit, some of 

 those which escaped being badly hii. The score is as follows: Gra- 

 ham mil, 00011, 10111, 10111, 10110, 10111, 11110, loiii, iioio, iioii. 



Killed 37, missed 13. Referee, C. M. Hedden, Judges, Al. Heritage 

 and Miles Johnson. The attendance included many well known 

 shots, among whom were L. B. Campbell, W. W. Lever. Sam Castle, 

 Dad Applegate, Tom. Badgler, Miles Jotinson, Canon, Hughes, Cav- 

 anagh, Speir and J. Ryan. After the match two sweepstakes were 

 shot, each contaimng' twenty-two entries. Entrance $2. The first 

 was won by Cavanagh, Graham and Lever, the second unfinished. 

 A $250 cup open to the world has been offered for the championship 

 of the world. Entrance $50; money and cup to go to the winner. 

 Conditions, Hurlingham rules. 50 birds each. Ties to be shot off at 

 100 birds. The match wfil take place at Erb's ground and will be 

 shot in heats. This match it is supposed will attract the attention of 

 both Dr. Carver and Capt. Bogardus. 



The British visitor is experiencing a storm of paper challenges 

 and the gale is increasing m volume each day. Capt. A. H. Bogardus 

 writes that he will meet Mr. William Graham, the English pigeon 

 shooter, in a match for $250 a side and the championship. Capt. Bo- 

 gardus stipulates the following conditions: Fifty single birds, 5 

 traps, 5 yards apart, 25 yards rise: and 25 pairs birds, 21 yards' rise 

 from 4 hand T ground traps, use of one barrel only for single birds. 

 Graham is fii-ing back the paper pellets and wants a match after his 

 own heart, with Hurlingham rules only to govern. There seems very 

 little chance that any match will result. 



National Gun Association Tournaments.— Special Notice.— Mem- 

 bers desirous of organizing tom-naments in their vicinity, under the 

 auspices of the Association, are requested to notify the undersigned. 

 All the expenses of the same will be paid by us. JIake your arrange- 

 ments for 1886. We propose to establish a circuit of tournaments 

 annually. Claim your dates now. General office and headquarters, 

 Macon, Ga.— Matt R. Fbeeman, Vice-President and General Blanager; 

 F. C. Ethfidge, Secretary, Macon, Ga. Send 10 cents for hand book 

 containing rules, conyfitution, etc. "Fairly started and its future 

 depends entirely upon the manner in wbichthe sportsmen throughout 

 the country respond."— C. M. Stark, April 18, 1885.— ^dv. 



PUBLISHER'S DEPARTMENT. 



Another Legae Opinion. — Office of Edward W. Sturdevant, 

 Attorney at Law, WUkesbarre, Pa., Jan. 5.— Editor Forest and 

 ■Stream: Please find inclosed post office order for $4, for which 

 please send me the Forest and Stream for one year, beginning with 

 tne number issued this week I bave beeh buying the paper for 

 sevei-al years at a bookstore, and have come to the conclusion that I 

 may as well subscribe for it regularly. I don't suppose you care 

 much for the opinion of a man of whom you know nochine; but, all 

 the same, allow me to say tnat I have always liked the Forest and 

 Stream, but I think it is a better paper now than it has ever beeu De- 

 fore. It is very much the best thing of the kind published, Yours 

 truly, Edwaru W. Sturdevant. 



NE.ARty Eighteen Thousand Micn were paid (jash benefits In 1884 

 by the Travelers Insurance Company, of Hartford, CODni, for lOSfies 

 Jiy^pei^ntal df^ath and disnhhnginjiir^.— 4rft), ' ' ■ • • 



BODY PLAN OF "FOREST AND STREAM" CRUISER. 



Address all communications to the Forest and Stream Fublish- 

 ing Co. 



Canoeists are invited to send us notes and full reports of cruises, 

 club meets, information about canoeable tvaters, and other commu- 

 nications of interest. 



Secretaries of canoe clubs are requested to send to Forest and 

 Stream their addresses, with name, membership, signals, etc , of 

 their clubs, and also notices in advance of meetings and races, and 

 reports of the same. Canoeists and all interested in canoeing are 

 requested to forward to Forest and Stream their addresses, with 

 logs of cruises, laaps, and information concerning their local waters, 

 drawings or descriptions of boats and fittings, and all items relating 

 to the sport. 



AMERICAN CANOE ASSOCIATION. 



SECRFTARY— Dr. C, A. Neidd, Sehuylerville. N. Y, Candidates for 

 membership must lorward their names, accompanied by the re- 

 commendation oE an active member of the A. C. A., together with 

 the sum of $3 for initiation fee and first year's dues, to the secretary, 

 who will present the names to the commodore. Money shc-uld be 

 sent by registered letter, or money order on Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 



. KNICKERBOCKER C. C. 



THE annual meeting of the Knickerbocker C. C. was held on 

 Thursday, 14th, at the Harvard Rooms. The election of oflfiGers 

 for the ensuing year resulted as follows: Commodore, Edwin Fow- 

 ler; Vice-Commodore. Robt. P. Martin; Secretary, Edward W. Brown ; 

 Treasurer, M. George Foster ; Measurer, James L. Greenleaf. These 

 form also the Board of Trustees, the olHce of Lay Member Saving 

 been abolished. On the House Committee were appointed R. P. Mar- 

 tin (Chairman ex-offlcio), J. L. Greenleaf. P. W. Foster; on the Re- 

 gatta Committee, H. T. Keyser, H. Stanton, M. G. Foster. 



A number of other matters of importance were discussed, among 

 them the question of camp-fires during the winter months. It was 

 strongly the sense of the meeting that those of last winter were so 

 interesting and instructive that there was every encouragement for 

 the organization of another series. This was felt to be especiaUy 

 important at p'esent, in view of the unusual activity in canoeing 

 circles in devising improved models, rigs, etc., and the great import- 

 ance of making effective preparation tor the distinguished visitors 

 who will try the mettle of American canoeists in the international 

 and intercltib cup races of nest summer. A provisional committee, 

 consisting of the commodore, Bir. Stanton and Mr. Seavey, were 

 appointed to confer with the officers of sister clubs of New York and 

 its neighborhood and endeavor to secure their co operation, either as 

 bodies or in the persons of individual members, as migdt seem most 

 advisable. 



Tne Commodore placed at the disposal of the committee his large 

 assembly hall, known as Harvard Rooms, 729. 73', 733and 735 Sixth 

 avenue, corner of Forty-second street. This is 60x45ft., well lighted 

 and heated and furnished with accommodations for 500 persons if 

 necessary. The fioor can be left entirely clear for the exhibition of 

 canoes, rigs, etc., and the height of the ceiling— 18ft., with 6ft. addi- 

 tional in the center— give ample room for the tallest masts and sail- 

 peaks. There is ample blackboard space for diagrams, and the 

 central location of the hall, easily accessiole by the Sixth avenue 

 and Third avenue elevated roads, as well as by the Broadway, Sixth 

 avenue. Seventh avenue. Fourth avenue and Forty-second street 

 surface roads, renders it very convenient for the canoeists of Man- 

 hattan Island and vicinity. 



There is a migoty stirring among the dry bones of the K. C. C. 

 club house. Many new canoes are being built -chiefly of the Sun- 

 beam and Ideal types— and unheard-ot rigs and saihng devices are 

 evolving from the inner consciousness of the members. The late 

 dinner of the club at Morello's was a decided success. Many mem 

 hers of other clubs were present, among them Com. Munroe and 

 Messrs. Vaux and Burchard, of tne N. Y. C. C, and Com. Newman 

 and Messrs. Wilkin and Schuyler, of the B. C. C. 



AN INLAND VOYAGE.— It is perhaps natural that when a canoeist 

 is impelled to write, his efforts take the form of technical treatises and 

 discussions, rather than descriptions of what he has seen and en joyed. 

 Any one can argue over lines and quarrel over reefing gear, but how 

 many are there who can properly describe a canoe cruise? Once in 

 a while an ideal canoeist turns up, not one of your energetic sailors 

 and muscular paddlers who are found everywhere, but one of the 

 lesser number who uses bis caooe solely as an mtroduclion to a new 

 side of life, who rejects the element of time, and has the resolution 

 to loaf along slowly, seeing a thousand things that escape the aver- 

 age canoe traveler. Such a one is Mr. Robert Louis Stevenson, whose 

 "Inland Voyage" was made on several Belgian and French rivers, 

 and whose story makes the most interesting reading we have met 

 since Mas Gregor wrote of the same pnase of canoeing. The book is 

 published by Roberts Bros., Boston. 



KNICKERBOCKER C. C— At the regular annual meeting of the K 

 C. C. Jan. 4, the officers elected for 1886 resulted as follows: Commo- 

 dore, Ed^vin Fowler; Vice-Commodore, Robert P. Martin; Secretai-y, 

 Edward W. Brown: Treasurer, Macomb Q. Foster; Measurer, Jas. L. 

 Greenleaf. Committee on boat house, Vice-Com. R, P, Martin, chair- 

 man (ex officio). Pell W. Foster and Jas. L. Greenleaf. Committee on 

 Regattas, H. T. Kyser chairman, Macomb G. Foster and Henry Sl;un- 

 ton. 



THE CANOE CUP FUND.-Jan. IQ.— Editor Forest and Stream.- 

 1 beg to acknowledge this week: From the Brooklyn C. C, at their 

 dinner, through "The Alligator," g20; Royal Md. Col. C. C— J. A. 

 Gunn (A. C. A. 882), $1; H. &.. Morrow (A. C. A. 376), $1; previously 

 acknowledged, $74; total to date, $96.— Wii. Whitlock. 



BAY'ONNE C, C— The annual meeting of the Bayonre C. C, was 

 held on Jan. 11. The officers elected were: Commodore, E- R- Smith; 

 Vice-Commodore, G. W. Heard; Secretary and Treasurer, R. Verner 

 Vienot, 



PHUjADELPHIA C. O.-The Philadelphia 0. C, will hold a oamp-^ 

 fire on 3a.n. 30 at 8 P. M. . at the northeast corner of Broad and Cherry 

 Streets. All meniber? of t}ie A. 0, A. are iDvited to attend, ' ' 



WIDE AND NARROW CANOES. 



Editor Forest and Stream: 



I have been an interested reader of tbe controversy, resulting from 

 Mr. Clapham's sugge.stion of adopting a wider canoe than now recog- 

 nized by the A. C. A. tiiles. for cnnsing, sailing, etc. As I am able 

 to speaK from experience, pardon me if I intrude a word or two more 

 on this well worn subject to give my fellow canoei.si, the henefifcs <it a 

 practical test. I have had alapstreak, the Zephyr, 14ft. by 29in. t)eam, 

 about ten years. She wa.s built by a New York man (WlacDonald I 

 think). Very light and well modeled, she Das proved very swift under 

 sail or paddle, and weatherly too iu all sorts of sea or wind. 1 fan- 

 cied, however, as did Mr. Clapham, that a little more room would not 

 hurt, so about eighteen months ago I had the Mystic built, 1.5ft. long, 

 36m. beam, with a good flat floor, carried well forward and aft. I 

 can carry three adults comfortably ; one or two hixuriously, If any- 

 thing is wrong with the rigging, can stand up to fix it without fear of 

 a capsize. Can shinny out on deck to adjust rudder or painter and 

 feel as if there was something solid under me. I have a Radix cen- 

 terboard and she works to windward like a witch and carries her 

 sail like a ship. The "balance act'' which I have occasionally to in- 

 troduce when sailing the smaller boat is an unknown quantity in the 

 larger. Of cour.se she is heavy to ijaddle, but she gets^along and on 

 one occasion 1 had some five or six miles of it. She^would never be 

 chosen as a racer under paddle, but witti a tandem' team she man- 

 ages to keep up wi^h the lieet. As to getting her in and out of the 

 boat house, the diiterence iu weight is certainly very marked, but 

 one man can handle her comfortably, except at very low tide when 

 either boat needs two. When cruising there is no comparison in the 

 comfort. A larger tent, a lai'ger bed and more storage room, and 

 altogether, as a matter of choice the wider boat is my preference. I 

 had an idea that a medium, say 32 or 33ln. beam, woul i perhaps sm't 

 me better, but in our fleet is a 32. a 33 and a 88 inch, and after a trial 

 o£ all, sailing, paddling, or handling, 1 am of the opinion that a canoe 

 15ft.x86in. is an excellent standard for a paddleable saihng and 

 cruising craft. 



To-day we were treated to a sight of young Mr. Engelbrecht's new 

 boat, the Falcon, on which he has employed his leisure for several 

 months. She is ju.^t 14ft. long, 33m. beam and pretty deep, with full 

 round lines, good floor, plenty of sheer and freeboard. Although the 

 handiwork of an amateur, she would be a credit to a professional. 

 The boy is only sixteen, but has finished this job in every detail in a 

 thorough ly workmanlike manner. She is a hue sailer, and judging 

 from her performance to-day is likely to be among the leaders in 

 most of our cruiser. In a very light brefze it is conceded that she 

 will outmm the fleet; to windward however we have not had breeze 

 enough to give her a fair test. I don't think that any narrower 

 boats will be ordered from these waters. Our summer breezes are 

 retrular young gales and with a spread of .sixty to eighty feet of sail 

 it requires all our talent to get along right side up with care. May be 

 some day although the width of a continent separates us. we may 

 have some representation to send to the meets and it would cer- 

 tainly be agreeble to find a class from which our favorite boats would 

 not be barred. Mystic. 



Oakland, Cal., Jan. 10. 



Editor Forest and Stream: 



In I eading over my canoe letter, published b.v you last week, T 

 noticed a mistake in the figures for sail area. Wberever '•'175" and 

 "215" square feet are named, it should read 75 and 115. 



RosLYN, L. I., Jan 16. Thomas Clapham. 



BROOKLYN C. C. 



THtC Brooklyn C. C. held their first annual dinner on Jan. 13, at the 

 Clarendon, thirty two members and guests sitting down at the 

 long table over which Com. J. F. Newman presided, the center piece 

 of which was the gilded alligator, the club's totem. After the dinner 

 Com. Newman presented to the club on behalf of Mr. T. G. Eudoing- 

 ton. a very handsome challenge cup. The design, in the 

 form of a loving: cup, eleven inches high, was made b.y the 

 Gorham Manufacturing Company, and represents marine life of 

 various kinds, fish, seaweed and the alligator. Tne inscription on 

 one side reads "Uliallenge Cup," and on the other "Brooklyn Canoe 

 (Hub." The cup is given as a perpetual challenge cup. open only to 

 members of the Brooklyn C. C, and the sail area is limited to 75ft. 

 The base, of ebony, will have the names of future winners added, on 

 silver plates. A number of toasts were drank and replied to by the 

 guests present and by members of tbe club. The proceedings 

 were enlivened by a communication from the alhgator in the shape 

 of a $20 bill for the A. V. A. Cup fund, from the members of the club. 

 After a very pleasant evening the meeting broke up at midnight. The 

 club is now on a firm basis and has every prospect of a most success- 

 ful season, 



THE SNEAKBOX FAMILY. 



III.— THE "FOREST AND STREAM" CRUISER. 



THE sneakbox ia essentially a nunting boat, and the Barnegat 

 cruiser shown last week partakes largely of the same character- 

 istics. As tbe attention of ooating men has been more generally 

 drawn to the cruising qualities of the sneakbox, we have received 

 many comments, criticisms and suggestions for the improvement of 

 the model as a cruiser, leaving out all considerations of duck shoot- 

 ing and looking only to the end of a safe, speedy and convenient 

 boat, adopted both for general cruising on open water and as a safe 

 boat for summer sailing. To meet the wants of our correspondents 

 we have prepared the accompanying design, from which a boat has 

 been built and is now waitiuK suitable weather for a trial. The new 

 craft is based on the sneakbox. the bottom of which is Kept almost in- 

 tact; but an Inspection of the former boat showed several features 

 capable of alteration, if cruising only was considered. In the first 

 place, the low sides, excellent if the boat is to be used as a blind, have 

 been built up; the f xcessive crown of deck has been reduced, and the 

 washboards have been discarded. As the height of the deck in the 

 new boat is less than that of the washboard on the old, the windage 

 is reduced, while the room inside and the stability are both increased 

 by the additional bulk of the new boat. At the same time the new 

 boat will stow for transport in the same breadth and height as the 

 old, the total depth being the same. The increased freeboard and 

 higher bow should improve the boat greatly in rough water. 



On the other hand, the high washboards made a convenient recep- 

 tacle for the oars, etc., but the extra inside room in the latter eflCers 

 a full compensation. The folding rowlocks are given up entirely, 

 thus removing a troublesome appendage, and cleats are fitted to 

 the coaming in which ordinary socket rowlocks are set. If it is 

 desired to use a longer oar, the cleats may be screwed to the deck 

 near the gunwale. As there is no special virtue in the awkward-look- 

 ing square stern of the sneakbox, tbe deck and plankiug have been 

 extended two feet aft, the latter merely continuing in a fau- upward 

 curve, imtii they meet at the gunwale 'as in the bow. This gi\es a 

 handsome finish to the boat, in the shape of an elliptical stern, wiih 

 an easier run, more buoyancy and increased deck room. The rudder 

 is of the balanced variety, a suggestion of the owner of the Bojum, 

 the stock being of %in. iron, to the lower end of which two flat pieces 

 IxMui' are welded, iualdng a shape like a tuning fork. In tbis fork 

 a piece of lin, oak is set, forming the rudder, the head of the stock; 

 is squared for a tiller, and at tiie level of the clt-ck a ficle i!^ driUsd for 

 an iron pin, supporting the whole; To lon.T. iHfc nulder ii'uuk a pieqe 

 pt pine 3in, sc^uaie ia flctetl fFpra the io.sido of the planking to M)& 



