D. B.H. , OUTSIDE BARK (INCH) 



Figure 2. — Top volime, defined as the volume above a specified min- 

 imum diameteTj varies with diameter of the tree and total height 

 of the tree. Illustrated is the relationship between these 

 variables for ponderosa pine. 



Top volumes were calculated by means of the same computer program that was used to 

 calculate total stem volumes. Using the segment diameters and bark thicknesses recorded 

 for the tree, the minimum top-diameter position on the stem was calculated. Volumes of 

 all full segments above this point, plus the volume of a partial segment immediately 

 above minimum top diameter, were aggregated to determine top volume. Top volume is a 

 function of tree diameter and height, as illustrated in figure 2. 



Bark Thickness 



Bark thickness was obtained using the measured values as recorded from the field 

 sample. However, because of the excessively thick bark at the tree base, only the 

 measurements of the upper five segments were used. 



3 



