2. Top volume tables. --Top volume tables are included for specified minimum top 

 diameters, inside bark, from 2 to 8 inches. Top volume refers to total gross cubic- 

 foot wood volume of the portion of the stem above the specified diameter. Additionally, 

 where specified minimum top diameter approaches tree d.b.h., top volume is limited to 

 that portion of the stem above an 8-foot "merchantable" stem section. 



3. Gross bark volume tables. — Gross bark volume is the total cubic-foot volume of 

 bark for the entire stem, including stump and top, without reduction for void space. 



4. Double bark thickness tables . --These tables are included to aid in the estima- 

 tion of wood and bark residue contained in pieces of the stem, rather than the entire 

 stem or top. The estimates are based upon the inside and outside bark field measure- 

 ments of the upper five tree segments. 



5. Stimp diameter-d.b.h. relationship tables . --These tables indicate the relation- 

 ship between stump diameter, inside bark, and tree diameter at breast height, outside 

 bark. They are useful in reconstructing stem or stand parameters from stump measurements. 



6. Stand volume tables . --These tables contain estimates of the total cubic-foot 

 volume of a stand (or component of a stand, such as a given story in a multistoried 

 stand) in cubic feet per acre, for basal area and dominant tree average height corre- 

 sponding to the stand or stand component for which basal area was obtained. 



Applications and Limitations 



Tables of the kind represented here are empirically developed, and the tabular 

 values are estimated averages for each size class. The fact that the values are aver- 

 ages suggests that the tables are appropriate only when applied to relatively large 

 numbers of observations within the range of the source data. The tabular values have 

 been extended approximately two diameter and height classes beyond the range of the 

 sample data. Extrapolation beyond the data range is ill advised, particularly toward 

 the upper limits of the diameter classes because of the limited number of trees 

 represented in those classes. 



Users of the stand volume tables should be aware that, in multistoried or in mixed 

 stands, volumes can be obtained by identifying and measuring each stand component, then 

 summing these partial volumes to obtain the estimated total volume. 



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