Abstract 



Soil fumigation has improved production of Douglas-fir, 

 western white pine, Engelmann spruce and ponderosa pine 

 stock at two northern Rocky Mountain nurseries. The better 

 fumigation treatments substantially reduced weeds, losses 

 from diseases and insects, and generally resulted in larger 

 stock with improved survival potential. These benefits more 

 than compensated for the cost of fumigation. Fumigation has 

 also resulted in greater operational efficiencies by providing 

 more predictable and more uniform seedling stands. Late 

 summer fumigation with methyl-bromide based fumigants has 

 provided the most dependable overall improvement in 

 nursery operation. 



