and Engelmann spruce {Pioea engelmannii Parry) . The study area falls primarily in the 

 Abies lasiooarpa/Clintonia uniflora habitat type, with the following phases represented: 

 Aralia nudioaulis , Menziesia ferruginea, Clintonia uniflora, and Xerophyllum tenax 

 (Pfister and others 1977; Bernard L. Kovalchik 1974, unpublished data). 



The topography ranges in steepness from 30 to 80 percent (17° to 39°) , while the 

 elevation ranges from 3,900 to 5,200 feet (1,189 to 1,585 m) m.s.l. The soils on the 

 slopes are derived from impure limestone and underlying material of loamy-skeletal soil 

 families (Klages and others 1976) . 



METHODS 



Before logging, 10 permanent points were systematically located at 100-foot inter- 

 vals within each of the subblocks in the clearcut and shelterwood cuttings. Five 

 points were located within each of the eight small clearcuts at variable intervals 

 depending on size of the opening. All plots were referenced to these points. 



Duff Reduction and Mineral Soil Exposure 



Fifty 4 by 4 ft (1.2 by 1.2 m) plots were randomly located in each subblock (five 

 referenced to each permanent point) , of the shelterwood and clearcut blocks (none were 

 established in the small clearcuts). At each plot the following prebum measurements 

 were taken (fig. 3). 



1. Duff depth (not including the litter layer) 



2. Mineral soil exposure (percent of area) 



3. Weight per unit of area of downed woody material in each of the following 

 size classes (Brown 1974) : 



a. 0-0.25 inch (0-0.64 cm) diameter 



b. 0.25-1.00 inch (0.64-2.54 cm) diameter 



c. 1-3 inch (2.54-7.62 cm) diameter 



d. Greater than 3 inch (7.62 cm) diameter, sound 



e. Greater than 3 inch (7.62 cm) diameter, rotten. 



4. Woody shrub weight (Brown 1976) 



5. Depth of down woody material 



6. Slope 



7. Aspect. 



5 



