was determined by weighing, drying in an oven, and 

 reweighing the cores. 



ANALYSIS OF DATA 



The original data were expanded to represent beetles, 

 successful attacks, and egg gallery per 930 cm^ for ease 

 of comparison with other studies using this size area. 

 Using these data, brood production (BP) was initially 

 subjected to multiple regression screens in two forms, 

 first as a function of phloem thickness (PT) and gallery 

 density (GD), and second using PT and attack density 

 (AD) to determine if effects of GD and AD were similar. 

 Multiple regression screens also were used to test for 

 effects of GD, AD, and PT on beetle size. Graphic and 

 descriptor development procedures follow those specified 

 in Matchacurves 1, 2, and 3 (Jensen 1973; Jensen and 



Homeyer 1970, 1971). Each three-dimensional model was 

 developed graphically, using trends in the data to arrive 

 at smoothed curve forms. These were fitted through the 

 data by approximate "least deviations." The resulting 

 graphic forms were described algebraically. These 

 descriptors were given a least squares adjustment 

 ( < 5 percent in all cases) to their respective data sets. 



ANOVA was used to test for differences in percent- 

 ages (arc sine transform) of new adults that were female, 

 and the Hartley Multiple Range Test was used to test 

 for differences between means (Snedecor 1956). 



RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 



We concentrated on four results from this study: 

 brood production, MPB size, sex ratio, and emergence 

 time (table 1). 



thickness at different beetle attacl< densities/930 cm^ 



density 



4 5 6 7 



X sd n X sd n x sd n x sd n 



6.31 





1 



60.43 



20.70 



7 



61.88 



17.23 



3 



20.0 





1 



69.6 



13.12 



7 



68.6 



3.35 



3 



5.40 





1 



5.47 



.42 



225 



5.56 



.34 



93 



104.0 





1 



36.0 





1 



72.6 



3.99 



7 



11.0 



1.83 



7 



76.7 



3.51 



3 



20.7 



3.51 



3 



1.12 





1 



1.27 



.24 



7 



1.37 



.05 



3 



1.47 





1 



2.87 



.31 



7 



3.37 



.12 



3 



31.4 





1 



39.3 



10.92 



7 



42.3 



9.22 



3 



21.21 



8.21 



2 



39.07 





1 



78.53 



18.80 



3 



72.6 



23.05 



2 



53.8 





1 



68.0 



3.14 



3 



5.27 



.44 



17 



5.21 



.46 



15 



5.59 



.66 



110 



85.5 



17.68 



2 



15.0 



8.49 



2 



82.0 





1 



17.0 





1 



69.3 



2.89 



3 



12.0 



4.36 



3 



1.43 



.09 



2 



1.36 





1 



1.45 



.40 



3 



1.44 



.31 



2 



2.49 



.31 



1 



3.50 



.49 



3 



41.6 



20.93 



2 



22.1 





1 



28.9 



4.09 



3 



30.51 





1 



70.91 



41.62 



2 



41.48 





1 



70.0 





1 



53.6 



10.04 



2 



73.8 





1 



5.18 



.72 



14 



5.34 



.52 



50 



5.41 



.33 



30 



80.0 





1 



21.0 





1 



76.0 



1.41 



2 



13.0 



4.24 



2 



73.0 





1 



17.0 





1 



1.03 





1 



2.10 



.06 



2 



2.11 





1 



1.78 





1 



3.09 



.59 



2 



3.18 





1 



26.0 





1 



28.3 



21.21 



2 



50.1 





1 



31.10 15.53 2 



80.7 13.15 2 



5.16 .43 36 



82.5 7.78 2 



20.5 .71 2 



1.69 .19 2 



1.70 .18 2 

 33.2 8.06 2 



3 



