Table 1. — Summer day-roost characteristics for an adult male Indiana bat on the Fernow 

 Experimental Forest, Tucker County 



■ 



Variable 



R r\ c 1" 1 



ivoost A 



rvOOSl 



1 V 1 L a n 





Tree species 



C ovata 



C. ovata 



A. saccharum 







d.b.h. (cm) 



45.5 



68.0 



69.1 



60.9 



7.7 



Height (m) 



32.5 



30.0 



25.8 



29.4 



2.0 



Snag class 



1 



I 



1 







Bark cover 



IV 



IV 



IV 







Linearized aspect 



2.7 



3.5 



3.9 



3.4 



0.4 



Slope (%) 



38 



57 



83 



59.3 



13.1 



Elevation (m) 



800 



800 



702 



767.2 



32.9 



Stand t}^pe 



N. Hardwood 



N. Hardwood 



N. Hardwood 







Canopy cover 



III 



1 



V 







Midstory layer 



IV 



V 



III 







Seedling layer 



I 



II 



II 







Litter depth 



11 



II 



III 







Distance (m) to: 













Nearest water 



243 



85 



53 



127.2 



58.7 



Elklick Run 



740 



803 



618 



720.3 



54.4 



Nearest road 



43 



49 



13 



35.0 



11.2 



Capture site 



868 



905 



643 



805.3 



82.0 



Big Springs Cave 



1275 



1588 



1980 



1614.3 



204.2 



class, site aspect, elevation (m), surrounding forest-stand 

 communit)', canopy cover, midstory and woody-seedling 

 densit)', litter depth, and distance (m) to nearest water, to 

 Elklick Run, to nearest road, to the capture site, and to 

 Big Springs Cave. We used a laser rangefinder to 

 determine roost height and the distance to the nearest 

 road. Site aspect was linearized using (l-cosine[aspect 

 degrees] + 1 -sine [aspect degrees]) with values increasing 

 from mesic, northern aspects to xeric, southwestern 

 aspects (Odom et al. 2001). Following Maser et al. 

 (1979), we assessed snags from 1-7, with 1 a live tree and 

 7 a decomposing broken bole. We rated bark-cover class 

 as I (none), 11 (< 10 percent). 111 (10-25 percent) and IV 

 (> 25 percent). We grouped visual estimates of canopy 

 cover, midstory density, and woody-seedling and 

 herbaceous groundlayer densit}' in five classes: I (0-5 

 percent), II (5-25 percent), III (26-50 percent), IV (51-75 

 percent), V (76-95 percent), and VI (96-100 percent). We 

 rated litter depth as 1 (none), 11 (< 2.54 cm). 111 (2.55-6 

 cm), and IV (> 6 cm). We calculated elevation and 

 distances from roosts to nearest water, Elklick Run, 

 capture location, Big Springs Cave, and other roost trees 

 using ArcView 3.2 CIS (ERSI, Redlands, CA) . 



Results and Discussion 



Over a 4-day period, we tracked the male Indiana bat to 

 three different roosts (Fig. 1), all of which were Stage 1 

 live trees with abundant exfoliating bark (> 25 percent 

 bole surface area) and no visible cavity or wound (Table 

 1). Roosts 1 and 2 were large shagbark hickories {Carya 

 ovata) used by the bat for 1 day each (Table 1). Roost 3 

 was a large sugar maple that was used by the bat for 2 

 sticcessive days (Table 1). All roosts were located in mesic 

 Allegheny/northern hardwoods communities on sites with 

 northwest to northeast aspects (Table 1). Roosts 1 and 3 

 were in mature forest stands characterized by numerous 

 large trees. Roost 2 was a residual tree in a patch clearcut. 

 The stand had been harvested in 1995 and was 

 dominated by abundant woody regeneration 3 to 4 m 

 high. Roosts 1 and 3 were canopy-dominant trees, though 

 neither extended above the canopy. Each day roost was < 

 50 m from a road, < 300 m to the nearest water, < 1,000 

 m to Elklick Run and the capture site, and < 2,000 m to 

 Big Springs Cave (Table 1). Distances from Roost 1 to 

 Roost 2, Roost 2 to Roost 3, and Roost 1 to Roost 3 were 

 340, 477, and 705 m, respectively. 



3 



