species used by Indiana bat as day roosts. Shagbark 

 hickory, noted for extensive amounts of exfoliating bark, 

 was the lone live species often used for roosts (Humphrey 

 et al. 1977; Gardner et al. 1991; Callahan et al. 1997). 

 The large sugar maple identified as a roost also had a 

 substantial amount of exfoliating bark. Because shagbark 

 hickory is such a minor forest component within the 

 Fernow's Allegheny/northern hardwood type, male 

 Indiana bats might be showing strong preference for this 

 tree species. Unfortunately, in the absence of even-age 

 silviculture and with continued fire suppression, heavy 

 seeded, shade-intolerant species such as shagbark hickory 

 continue to decrease in importance on the Fernow and 

 surrounding landscape (Schuler and Gillespie 2000). 

 However, the large increase in dominance of sugar maple 

 across the Fernow partially could offset losses of shagbark 

 hickory. 



Regardless, it seems appropriate to retain large live trees 

 or dead snags within predetermined radii around Indiana 

 bat hibernacula in the central and southern Appalachians 

 where males may roost in spring through early fall, and to 

 prohibit forest harvesting within that area during the 

 non-hibernation season (Kiser and Elliot 1996). Within 

 these hibernacula zones and at the appropriate season, 

 two-age or deferment harvests (Miller et al. 1995; 

 Johnson et al. 1998) that retain large shagbark hickory, 

 sugar maple, or other trees with exfoliating bark would 

 provide timber products and adequate regeneration while 

 protecting the Indiana bat and its habitat. 



Spatially, the locations of the three day roosts relative to 

 where the male Indiana bat was captured on its presumed 

 foraging area along Elklick Run are well within the ranges 

 of > 200 m to 2 km from day roosts to foraging areas 

 reported in the literature (Humphrey et al. 1977; Kurta et 

 al. 1993; Menzel et al. 2001b). On an Appalachian 

 landscape somewhat comparable to the Fernow, Hobson 

 and Holland (1995) observed a 1-km distance between 

 male Indiana bat day roosts and riparian-zone foraging 

 areas in western Virginia during the post-hibernation 

 period in spring. Acoustical survey sampling has indicated 

 that Indiana bats on the Fernow forage extensively along 

 Elklick Run during the summer.^ Distances between 

 observed roost trees also were within ranges reported for 

 day roosts in the early fall on the Cumberland Plateau 

 (MacGregor et al. 1999). Our observation that the male 



^Owen, S. E, Menzel, M. A.; Ford, W. M.; Edwards, J. W.; 

 Menzel, J. M.; Chapman, B. R.; Wood, P. B.; Miller, K. V. Bat 

 activity in managed and unmanaged forest and riparian zones in 

 the Allegheny Mountains. In preparation. 



''W. M. Ford, unpublished data on file at Northeastern Research 

 Station, Parsons, West Virginia. 



Indiana bat we tracked used three day roosts over 4 days 

 was consistent with frequent roost switching (1 to 2 days) 

 observed for male Indiana bats in the pre-swarm period in 

 the fall on the Cumberland Plateau (Kiser and Elliot 

 1996; MacGregor et al. 1999). Additional research and 

 monitoring is needed to determine whether the 

 midsummer roost characteristics we observed are 

 representative ol male Indiana bats on the Fernow and/or 

 similar to pre- and post-hibernation data collected from 

 other portions of the central and southern Appalachians. 



Acknowledgments 



Field assistance was provided by Jane Rodrigue and Kate 

 Leonard. Funding for this work was provided by the 

 Northeastern Research Station Scientist and the West 

 Virginia University, Swiger Graduate Fellowship. Cover 

 photo courtesy of Timothy Carter. 



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