Unless it is checked, sedimentation from 

 the Paria is a direct threat to two important 

 structures: (1) It could significantly reduce 

 the usable storage of the proposed Marble 

 Canyon Reservoir in 40 to 50 years, and (2) 

 it could adversely affect the tail water from 

 Glen Canyon Dam and reduce its powerhead. 

 It is quite clear from this example that the 

 responsibility of the land manager extends 

 far beyond the confines of his management 

 unit and far into the future. 



The long-range implications to the South- 

 west are inestimable. This close association 

 of range and watershed problems is but one 

 example of the many interrelations among 

 resource uses that are a part of areal mul- 

 tiple use analysis. Management necessary to 

 achieve maximum production of a given re- 

 source in an area may increase or decrease 

 production in other resources. For each re- 

 source, the amount of these effects on the 

 others should be estimated. Once these rela- 

 tive potentialities have been determined, they 

 can be weighed against projected demands, 

 costs of production, and the flow of benefits, 

 to help the manager determine a course of 

 action. 



The flow of benefits. — Benefits may flow 

 from the resources in terms of dollar values 

 or in some intangible form. To recognize and 

 weigh only dollar values is quite misleading. 

 Dollar and other values are, in fact, insepar- 

 able. Intangible values contribute to econ- 

 omic growth by stimulating human energies, 

 which are thus released into the social econ- 

 omy. This comes in addition to the intrinsic 

 value to the individual involved. 



The importance of considering values 

 other than those expressed in dollars is rec- 

 ognized in the two multiple use Acts cited 

 early in this paper. Those documents require 

 that consideration be given to the "relative 

 values of the various resources, and not nec- 

 essarily the combination of uses that will 

 give the greatest dollar return or the great- 

 est unit output." 



One of the virtues of the area-oriented 

 approach is that intangibles, despite our in- 

 ability to measure them adequately, take on 

 a dimension of reality. The mention of in- 



tangible value often brings to mind such 

 uses as fishing, hunting, camping, and other 

 outdoor recreation. But some degree of in- 

 tangible value is associated with all resource 

 activities. For example, cattle raising is 

 commonly considered to have a definable 

 market value. However, a critical audit of 

 the books of many stockmen in the Paun- 

 saugunt Area probably would reveal that in 

 terms of dollars alone these men are fighting 

 a losing battle, partly because of forced live- 

 stock reductions resulting from poor range 

 conditions. To most of them, raising cattle 

 is only a secondary source of income. Yet, 

 they justify continuation of their marginal 

 operation on the basis of enjoyment, or of 

 the security of having a few cows on the 

 range. Being a cowboy may not always bring 

 in much money, but it apparently buys a lot 

 of satisfaction. 



In appraising the growth opportunity of 

 an area, the public land manager must con- 

 sider not only the value of resources at the 

 point of production, but how much and 

 where these values expand through the econ- 

 omy. To appreciate the influence of the var- 

 ious resources on the economy, the resource 

 planner should have some information on 

 (1) the multiplier effect on income through 

 the use of each resource, or on the product 

 value and value added by processing of each 

 resource, and (2) the distribution of wealth 

 generated. 



Figure 7 shows the estimated relative 

 dollar value of the five wildland resources 



WILDLIFE 



RANGE 



TIMBER 



WATER 



RECREATION 



Figure 7. — Relative dollar values of Paunsaugunt 

 Area resources at point of harvest, 1962. These 

 are tentative estimates and are introduced here 

 only for illustration. 



9 



