observations. Northern red oak seems to be dif- 

 ficult to establish regardless of site quality or 

 cultural treatment. However, the poor perfor- 

 mance of red oak may be due to the severe 

 cicada attack and the large number of seedlings 

 that were coppiced. Black walnut also per- 

 formed poorly on medium sites, regardless of 

 cultural treatment; but on good sites walnut can 

 be effectively established with cultural 

 treatments. The fact that 39 percent of the 

 original walnut seedlings planted on the good 

 site are now in the dominant-codominant crown 

 class and average 29.3 feet in height after only 

 13 growing seasons is very promising. I believe 



that survival and development of walnut would 

 be even better if the treatment area were larger 

 than a 3-foot (0.91-m) radius and if the 

 treatments had been continued at 3- or 4-year 

 intervals. 



Literature Cited 



Funk, David T. 

 1972. Black walnut progeny study, 1972 remeasure- 

 ment. USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. 

 Unpublished office report. 9 p. 

 Krajicek, John E. 

 1975. Planted black walnut does well on cleared forest 

 sites — if competition is controlled. USDA For. 

 Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Note NC-192. 

 4 p. 



MANUSCRIPT RECEIVED FOR PUBLICATION 17 FEBRUARY 1977 



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