REFERENCES 



Alexander, Martin E. Estimating fuel weights of two 

 common shrubs in Colorado lodgepole pine stands. 

 Research Note RM-354. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain 

 Forest and Range Experiment Station; 1978. 4 p. 



Brown, James J.; Marsden, Michael A. Estimating fuel 

 weights of grasses, forbs, and small woody plants. 

 Research Note INT-210. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department 

 of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest 

 and Range Experiment Station; 1976. lip. 



Cost, Noel D. Ecological structure of forest vegetation. 

 In: Forest resource inventory workshop proceedings. 

 Vol. 1. Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University; 

 1979: 29-37. 



Daubenmire, R. A canopy-coverage method of vegeta- 

 tional analysis. Northwest Science. 33(1): 43-64; 1959. 



Olson, Craig M.; Martin, Robert E. Estimating biomass 

 of shrubs and forbs in central Washington Douglas-fir 

 stands. Research Note PNW-380. Portland, OR: U.S. 

 Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific 

 Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station; 

 1981. 6 p. 



Pearson, Henry A.; Sternitzke, Herbert S. Forest range 

 inventory: a multiple-use survey. Journal of Range 

 Management. 27(5): 404-407; 1974. 



Pfister. Robert D. Land capability assessment by 

 habitat types. In: America's renewable resource 

 potential— 1975: the turning point; Proceedings, 1975 

 National Convention, Society of American Foresters. 

 Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters; 1976: 

 312-325. 



Prather, Martin; Burbridge, Bill. Wildlife habitat rela- 

 tionship program - a holistic approach. Missoula, MT: 

 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North- 

 ern Region; n.d. 77 p. 



U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Wildlife 

 habitats in managed forests: the Blue Mountains of 

 Oregon and Washington. Agricultural Handbook 271. 

 Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture; 

 1979. 511 p. 



U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Pro- 

 cedural guidelines for land systems inventory. Ogden, 



UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 

 Intermountain Region, Soil and Water Management 

 Staff; 1980. Unpaged. Unpublished, working copy. 



U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 

 Resources Evaluation field instructions for California 

 1981-84. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of 

 Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest 

 and Range Experiment Station; 1981a. Unpaged. 

 Unpublished. 



U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 

 Resources Evaluation Idaho forest survey field pro- 

 cedures 1981. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of 

 Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and 

 Range Experiment Station; 1981b. 265 p. Unpublished. 



U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Field in- 

 ventory procedures for the Alaska statewide vegetation 

 inventory project of Alaska (Tanana River Basin). 

 Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest 

 Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experi- 

 ment Station; 1982a. Unpublished. 



U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 

 Resources Evaluation Colorado forest survey field pro- 

 cedures 1982. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of 

 Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and 

 Range Experiment Station; 1982b. 366 p. Unpublished. 



U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Western 

 South Dakota forest survey field procedures 1982. 

 Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest 

 Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment 

 Station; 1983a. 366 p. Unpublished. 



U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Wyom- 

 ing forest survey field procedures 1983. Ogden, UT: 

 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Inter- 

 mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station; 

 1983b. 366 p. Unpublished. 



U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Ser- 

 vice.' Relative forage preference of plants for grazing 

 use by season. Boise, ID: U.S. Department of 

 Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Technical Guide 

 Section II-E, April 1982. Unpaged. Unpublished. 



Winn, David S.; Maw, Ralene W.; Wywialowski, Alice. 

 WILD RAM user guide. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department 

 of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Region; 

 n.d. 101 p. 



O'Brien, Renee; Van Hooser, Dwane D. Understory vegetation inventory: an effi- 

 cient procedure. Research Paper INT-323. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of 

 Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Sta- 

 tion; 1983. S p. 



Presents a procedure for describing understory vegetation on forested plots. 

 Plant species with 5 percent or greater canopy cover are listed and assigned 

 a canopy cover class and a height layer class. Each of the four plant 

 groups— trees, shrubs, forbs, and graminoids— are assigned a canopy cover 

 class by layer. These data are to be combined with tree canopy and other 

 stand data for use in range, wildlife, biomass, and silvicultural interpretations. 



KEYWORDS: understory vegetation inventory, Forest Survey techniques, vegeta- 

 tional structure, canopy cover, plant groups 



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