REFERENCES 



Anderson, Wood Powell. Weed science: principles. New 

 York: West Publishing Company; 1977. 598 p. 



Baker. Frederick S. Aspen in the Central Rocky 

 Mountain Region. Department Bulletin 1291. 

 Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

 Forest Service; 1925. 47 p. 



Bartos, Dale L. Changes in aspen and associated species 

 resulting from manipulation by burning and cutting. 

 In: DeByle, Norbert V., ed. Situation management of 

 two intermountain species: aspen and coyotes: part 1, 

 aspen: Proceedings of a symposium; 1981 April 23-24; 

 Logan, UT. Logan, UT: Utah State University, College 

 of Natural Resources; 1981: 77-87. 



Bartos, Dale L.; Lester, James E. Effects of 2,4-D on a 

 Populus tremuloides community in the western United 

 States 22 years after treatment. Great Basin Natural- 

 ist. 44(3): 459-467; 1984. 



DeByle, Norbert V. Aspen and its management: an 

 introduction. In: DeByle, Norbert V., ed. Situation 

 management of two intermountain species: aspen and 

 coyotes: part 1, aspen: Proceedings of a symposium; 

 1981 April 23-24; Logan, UT. Logan, UT: Utah State 

 University, College of Natural Resources; 1981: 5-14. 



Lester, James E. The effects of livestock grazing on the 

 response of high mountain vegetation determined from 

 a study of net production and utilization. Laramie, 

 WY: University of Wyoming; 1972. 105 p. Ph.D. 

 dissertation. 



Hamel, Dennis R. Forest management chemicals. 

 Agriculture Handbook 585. Washington, DC: U.S. 

 Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; 1983. 

 645 p. 



Mueggler, Walter F.; Campbell, Robert B., Jr. Aspen 

 community types on the Caribou and Targhee National 

 Forests in southeastern Idaho. Research Paper 

 INT-294. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

 Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range 

 Experiment Station; 1982. 32 p. 



Robinson. Max E. Sheep Creek water evaluation 

 project— a study of vegetative type conversion for 

 water yield improvement. 1971. Unpublished report 

 supplied to authors by Fishlake National Forest, 

 Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 

 Richfield, UT. 



U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Range 

 analysis handbook. FSH 2209.21 R-4. Ogden. UT: U.S. 

 Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermoun- 

 tain Region: 1983. 



Harniss. Roy 0.: Bartos, Dale L. Survey of aspen stands treated with herbicides 

 in the Western United States. Research Paper INT-340. Ogden. UT: U.S. Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station: 

 1985. 6 p. 



Aspen stands sprayed with herbicides had higher numbers of aspen suckers 

 than adjacent unsprayed stands. Understory production was higher due to more 

 grass production in the sprayed stands. While the composition of forb species 

 was lower, the number of grass species was higher on sprayed stands than on 

 unsprayed stands. Vegetative cover was greater on the sprayed plots, but or- 

 ganic matter was deeper on the unsprayed plots. These results agree with ex- 

 pectations of broadleaf herbicide treatments. 



KEYWORDS: Populus tremuloides. trembling aspen, spraying, understory. 2.4-D, 

 management 



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