APPENDIX 



Following are the original definitions of the phenological events provided the field 

 observers as referenced in tables 1-6 of this paper. 



Phenological event 

 Bark slips 



Shoots start 



Buds burst 



Gymno sperms 



Original definitions provided 

 the observers in this study 



The time when cambial activity commences so that it becomes 

 slimy and the bark readily separates from the wood as it 

 does not in the dormant winter period. This can best be 

 tested by a jackknife or hand ax, but do not injure by 

 repeated barking the trees, which must be observed for 

 several years. 



The time when the terminal bud bursts or commences elonga- 

 tion. Care should be taken to observe the average of a 

 group of small trees. 



The date when the leaves have broken through the bud scales 

 and show green but have not yet straightened out. Avoid 

 confusion with flower buds. 



Pollen starts 



Pollen ends 



Shoots end 



Bark sticks 



Winter buds formed 



The time when a reasonable amount of pollen can be noticed 

 on sliaking the branches; in damp weather a very close 

 observation would be necessary to determine when the pollen 

 is ripe. 



The time when the coniferous flowers become so old that 

 they no longer liberate pollen. 



More difficult to obtain than the commencement of height 

 growth, and actual measurements recorded in the notebook 

 toward the end of spring and early summer will help fix 

 the date when elongation of the leader stops. Measure 

 length of stem, without needles. 



The time when the cambium has ceased to be slimy and the 

 bark does not readily separate from the wood in testing 

 with knife or ax. In some species this occurs during the 

 formation of summer wood, and in others it may be indica- 

 tive of the cessation of diameter growth. 



The time when at the tips of most of the twigs completely 

 formed characteristic winter buds are in evidence. 



Cones full size 



Cones open 



The time when the cones reach their mature length. 

 Occasional comparison with old cones will help the 

 observer . 



Tlie date when sound cones begin to spread their scales and 

 release the seed, usually after they have turned brown in 

 color. Insect-infested cones should not be considered, 

 for in some cases, they open abnormally early and in others 

 remain closed. 



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