(fig. 2A). The surface condition on this treatment used for 

 temperature measurements consisted of blackened litter, 

 ash, and small charcoal pieces. Areas with large, partially 

 burned residues were avoided. 



Surface conditions evaluated on each of the overstory 

 and residue reduction treatments are shown in the follow- 

 ing tabulation: 





Overstory 





Surface 





treatments 



Residue reduction 



conditions 





evaluated 



treatments 



evaluated 



1. 



Clearcut 



Broadcast burn. 



Burned, 







close utilization 



litter 



2. 



Understory 



Close utilization 



Litter 





removal 







3. 



Shelterwood 



Pile and burn 



Litter 









mineral 



4. 



Uncut 





Litter 



Small containerized seedlings of ponderosa pine, 

 Douglas-fir, and western larch were planted each year 

 following treatment (1979 to 1982). In the spring of each 

 year, 23 seedlings were planted in each residue subtreat- 

 ment within each overstory treatment. A 2- by 2-ft area 

 was scarified around each seedling at the time of planting. 



(B) 



Figure 2—Postharvest residue treatments for providing different sur- 

 face conditions used for temperature measurement: (A) broadcast 

 burning provided ttie burned surface; (B) close utilization provided 

 the litter surface; (C) residues ctiipped and spread bacl< on the site 

 provided the chip surface of Union Pass. 



Coram Experimental Forest— This site is 5 miles south 

 of West Glacier, MT, at an elevation of 5,000 ft. All treat- 

 ments are on east-facing aspects with slopes from 40 to 60 

 percent. The climatic information for the area (Hungerford 

 and Schlieter 1984) indicates an average annual precipita- 

 tion of 33 inches at the treatment units. Maximum July air 

 temperatures average 74 °F, and minimum July air tem- 

 peratures average 47 °F. 



Tree cover prior to treatment was a 320-year-old 

 Douglas-fir/western larch forest. The predominant species 

 were Douglas-fir and western larch. Subalpine fir and 

 Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry) were com- 

 mon, with some western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla 

 [Raf.] Sarg.), western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.), 

 and paper birch {Betula papyrifera Marsh.) present. Habi- 

 tat type (Pfister and others 1977) is Abies lasiocarpa/Clin- 

 tonia unijlora (ABLA/CLUN), Clintonia uniflora phase or 

 Xerophyllum tenax phase. At the upper elevations the 

 Menziesia ferruginea phase was evident. 



Overstory treatments on this study site were: 



1. Clearcut. Clearcuts ranged from 2 to 17 acres. Log- 

 ging was completed during 1974 using a running skyline 

 yarder. Prebunched residues were also removed with the 

 skyline yarder. Mechanical scarification was essentially 

 limited to the skyline corridors. 



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