LITERATURE CITED 



1. Banks, C. H. 



1953. Spiral grain and its effect on the strength of South Africa -grown pines. J. S. Afr. 

 Forest. Assoc. 23: 1-6. 



2. Bannon, M. W. 



1966, Spiral grain and anticlinal divisions in the cambium of conifers. Can. J. Hot. 

 44: 1515-1538. 



3. Burger, Hans. 



1953. Das "arbeiten" impragnieren Leitungsmosten. Mitt. Schweiz. Anst. Forstl. 

 Versuchsw. 29(2): 177-188. 



4. Champion, H. G. 



1925. Contribution towards a knowledge of twisted fiber in trees. Indian Forest Rec, 

 11(11): 11-80. 



1927. An interim report on the progress of investigations into the origin of twisted fiber 

 in Pinus longifolia Roxb. Indian Forest. 53(1): 18-22. 



1930. Second interim report on the progress of investigations into the origin of twisted 

 fibre in Pinus longifolia Roxb. Indian Forest. 56(12): 511-520. 



7. Elliott, G. K. 



1958. Spiral grain in second -growth Douglas -fir and western hemlock. Forest Prod. J. 

 VIII: 205-211. 



8. Kennedy, R. W., andG. K. Elliott. 



1957. Spiral grain In red alder . Forest. Chron. 33: 238-251. 



9. Krogh, P. M. D. 



1952. The twisting of wooden telephone poles in service in South Africa. S. Afr. Forest 

 Prod. Res. Inst., Praetoria West. (Paper presented at 6th Brit. Commonwealth 

 Forest. Conf., Can., 1952.) 



10. Nicholls, J. W. P. 



1963. The relation of spiral grain to wood quality. Div. of Forest Prod. C.S.I.R.O. 

 Melbourne, Australia. 



11. Northcott, P. J. 



1957. Is spiral grain the normal growth pattern? Forest. Chron. 33: 335-352. 



12. "_ 



1965. The effects of spiral grain on the usefulness of wood. I.U.F.R.O. Proc. 

 Melbourne, Australia. 



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