tallest seedling in each plot, mean heights for all seedlings would have 

 been even less than those values. 



Analyses of the height data showed some significant differences among 

 treatments in both the fall and spring seedings. All differences men- 

 tioned below were significant at the 1-percent level except where noted 

 otherwise: 



1. Growth was better on spaded plots than on scarified plots. Mean 

 heights were 4.0 inches and 2.4 inches respectively on the fall plots, 

 3.2 inches and 2.3 inches on the spring plots (the latter difference 

 was significant only at the 5-percent level). 



2. Growth was better on fertilized spaded plots than on spaded plots 

 with no fertilizer. Mean heights were 5.9 inches and 2.4 inches 

 respectively on the fall plots, 4.6 inches and 2.2 inches on the spring 

 plots. No growth response to fertilizer was evident on the other 

 seedbeds. 



3. Growth was better in the spring seeding on plots that were spaded, 

 fertilized, and clipped than on similar plots that were not clipped. 

 Mean heights were 6.2 inches and 3.0 inches respectively. Clipping 



showed no significant effect on the fall-sown spaded and fertilized plots, 

 nor on plots in any other treatment combination in either season. 



Seedling survival. — The numbers of seedlings present after one and 

 two growing seasons depended mostly upon the number that germinated. 

 Some mortality of course occurred, but it was rather evenly distributed 

 among treatments. Well over half of the original seedlings still survived 

 after 2 years (table 2). 



The spaded seedbeds showed a tendency toward lower survivals than 

 seedbeds treated otherwise; and the number of seeds germinated revealed 

 a similar pattern (table 2). Except for the check plots, survivals were 

 highest on the scalped seedbeds and lowest on the spaded ones. At the 

 end of the second summer, 78 and 73 percent of the seedlings were still 

 living on scalped beds in the spring and fall seedings, respectively, 

 compared to 51 and 52 percent on the spaded beds. 



Discussion 



The poor seedling establishment on the study plots is believed to be 

 due to a combination of seed losses to rodents and poor germination 

 caused by not covering the seed enough to prevent drying. A few seeds 

 that became so dry that they returned to dormancy were missed by the 

 rodents and then germinated the second spring. Other seedings and 



4 



