HULE8 POH rUONOUNCING HOTANICAL NAMES. 







itvul 



rirutHk. 



i« .Id 



rvml kkhM. 



1 ut« 



nibbuh. 







Ktl lU 



Mil m«nh«M. 



m*. 





•jii n 



•aiMly Arld». 





• '1 It (ftmiMl 







'.ACT*. 



■she. 



>iiUtl>«. 

 : lire* 



■■ •■. I , k». 



ScuCtuh IhirkrU. 

 IsctittUh wootU. 



•Lin w 



Ma hi 



«ttt IMt 



•la \>l 



*UII. 1. 1. 

 •UIL fix 



llitrk. 

 tr. 

 XX. ft 



(m. (r. 

 tur. Imi. 

 tur. hi>. 

 unr. itr. 

 uuc. pi. 

 w«. Kr. 

 w.al h 

 w. aI|>. 

 wnl. «•!». 

 wat |>L 

 w. b<»j(. 

 w. ca 



Z. fflk. 

 w. roc 

 W.M. p. 

 w. ». Kr. 

 w.ah. p 

 wy iih.p. 

 w. tlii. 



•cHilh r«>Ml. 



MUllil ol StMlUllil 



•|H>iiK> b.iK»^ 

 ■laitiiAiil M'dlcr 

 •(oitc* III wattT 

 •liMiy IiiIIb 

 •liiiiy |ui>(tirr« 



• lollV pl.«i-|-k. 



■liiii<<« mitl wall*, 

 •unity hilU 

 ■unny r«iclu. 

 tlilikrU 



(rtv* mill *toni'«. 

 (ruiikt cif trt«f«. 

 lurfy Ik>«», 

 furfy UviilU. 

 tiii(-ullivnti*«l Kcoiiiiit. 

 uiicullivnti-tl plJict'K. 

 WiKtc ttnituicl. 

 M'fi nipitir luMtlm 

 W.-Uli nIpN. 

 wnCi'ry coininonii. 

 urttf-ry pl.iffi. 

 Wfliih Imikh. 

 UTt roiiunoiiR. 

 wet Krotiixl- 

 Wi-liih bki-*. 

 WoUh nn kK. 

 wet snmly plnrm. 

 U'ct Mhiiily ground, 

 wi-t dli'Kly plarin. 

 wnli-ry shady placi'H. 

 wot lliicki'tM. 



M» 1.1 SiMct': 



ttXA (VA. 



• (la Ih. i 



• Mjl la. »lia>l> I.IIU1 

 •lia. pi. thatly pl.ii-«>« 

 »h r«>c. »h4(ly ri>cK», 

 ». iiv pL thiuly inoitt pUrc*. 



JrrtT*/* — In the fir«t »i\f y.lwo p.ijjc* the ncutc (') i* uncil to donotc arccntc<l syllablcu mori-ly : after p. 62. it ia 

 mtrAiiutl In »iirh vowoU m Arc MittiuU-d short, while the Krave C) placcii over those Hounded lonR, as MArtha, 

 M%nr l lie nynteninlir nnine* are ilmtinKumheti as rlassical, i e. n:iinen ajiplied to ulaiifH by the aneientH, by 

 the fir»t letter In-ing in Italic, a* A^h\c» ; a* coininemorative, by the terminating letter or letters being in 

 Hiillr, «• li^iiki/d ; and a* aboriginal, or <>f uncertain derivatifin, by the whole word being in Itali<;, as JK'nia. 

 All the other namcn are fortnetl. in almo.st every case, from the CJreck, but hoinetirnes from the Greek and Latin. 



a(|. 



c p. 



h. 



hi. 



It. 

 Itl. 

 m.s. 

 1»- 

 p.l. 

 r. 



r.in. 



M.I. 



s.p. 



8. p.l. 



Column II. I'ropagation. 



by buddiiiK. 

 cuttinK«. 



division of the plant. 



KraltiiiK. 



iimrchlng. 



liiyers. 



leaves. 



oll'sets. 



ilivisioii of the r<Nit. 



■eisls. 



suckers. 



Coi.iiMN IvJ. Sinl. 

 watery places, 

 common garden soil, 

 common neat, or bog. 

 h»-avy rich clay, 

 heavy loam, 

 loam. 



loam and peat, most loam, 

 light vegetable soil, 

 light loam, 

 moist soil, 

 peat. 



peat and loam, most i>eat. 

 rich garden soil, 

 rich mouUL 

 rubbish, 

 sand. 



sandy loam, 

 sandy peaL 

 Band, i>eat, and lo.im. 



RULES FOR PRONOUNCING BOTANICAL NAMES. 



8YLLABLKH. 



In classical words there arc as tjw n y 1 1 able s as there are voxuels ; except when u with any other vowel 

 follows p, q, or », and when two vowels unite to form a dijihthong. The (iiplithongs are eZ', «•, ai, ei, oi, ui, att, 

 fit, and oti. These seldom coalesce in final syllal)les. oo, ee, ea, and other combinations which never occur a« 

 diphthongs, in classical words, follow, in commemorative names, the pronunciation of their primitives, as 



Tcedirt, Woodsia. 



VOWKLS. 



In this work, with the exception of the first sixty-two pages of the Linnean Arrangement, the sounds of the 

 accented vowels are indicated by the mark placed over each, the long sound by a grave accent C), the short by 

 an acute (') ; but, as in the abovementioned sixty-two jjages the acute accent alone is employed, the following 

 olwwrvations will be found useful in showing when the vowel is to be sounded long, and when short : — 



Kv( ry accented penultimate vowel is pronounced long, when followed by a vowel or a single consonant, as 

 fchill^ tomentbsa; but it is shortened when followed by two consonants or a double one, as Sorbus, Tkxus; 

 I xcept when the first consonant is a mute and the second a liquid, as AMjrus. 



Every accented antepenultimate vowel, except u, is pronounced short, as //elleboru.s, Hnmulus ; but when 

 succee<ied by a single consonant, followed by e or i and another vowel, it is lengthened, as Stell&ria ; except i, 

 which is short, as /"ilia. 



A unaccented, ending a word, i.s pronounced like the interjection ah, as Sticta (afi). 



E final, with or without a consonant preceding, always forms a distinct syllable, as Silfene, .r4'loe ; also when 

 the vowel is followed by a final consonant as Trich6ma-nes, not Tricho-manes. 



/ unaccented, if final, sounds as if written eye, as Spica venti {eye) ; but, when it ends a syllabic not final, 

 it has the sound of e, a.s .Vcspilus (Mespelus), .SmithH {Smith'e-eye). 



y is subject to the same rules a.s i. 



The diphthongs ce and a- conform to the rules for e ; ei is generally pronounced like eye ; the other diph. 

 thongs have the common English sounds. 



In addition to the primary accent, every word of more than three syllables contains a secondary accent, 

 which is regulated by the same rules. The secondary accent must always be at least two syllables before the 

 primary accent, as in C'helidonium j for its place the ear is a sufficient guide, and even were it entirely omitted, 

 still, however inharmonious, the pronunciation would not be incorrect. 



CO.NSO.VANTS. 



C and /J are hard before a, o, and n, as C6rnus, G&lium ; soft before c, i, and y, as Cetrkria, Citrus. 



T, s, and c, before ia, ie, ii, io, iu, and eit, when preceded by the accent, change their sounds, t and c into 

 sh, as Blfet/rt, /'fcia ; and s into zh, as BlSisia ; but, when the accent is on the first diphthongal vowel, the pre- 

 ceding consonant preserves its sound, as aurantlacum. 



Ch, before a vowel, is pronounced like k, as C'helidbnium [kel), Colchicum (kolkekum) ; but in commemora- 

 tive names it follows their primitives, as Richardsonm, in which the ch is soft. 



Cm, en, ct, am, gn, mn, lm,ps,pt, and other uncombinable consonants, when they begin a word, are pro. 

 lounced with the first letter mute, as Pt^ris (teris), C'nlcus (wf/rw.v), Gmelina {melina), G'nldia {nidia) ; in the 

 middle of a word they separate as in English, as Z-ap-skna, Lc'm-na. 



Ph, followed by a mute, is not sounded ; but, followed by a vowel or a liquid, sounds like /, as Phlfeunj 

 {fleum). 



Sch sounds like sk, as .S'choe^nus (skenus) ; in U and zm both letters are heard. 



S, at the end of a word, has its pure hissing sound, as Dactylis ; except when preceded by e, r, or w, when 

 it sounds like z, as Rlbes {ez). 



X, at the beginning of a word, sounds like z, as X&nthium ; in any other situation it retains its own sound, 

 at 7^xu*, yViinarix. '^Gardener's Ma;;axine, vol. v. p. 232.) 



