499 



NATURAL AUllANGEMENT. 



than a trinh of Iheae tfmct*. In a work whU-h will shortly nppear will bo found n variety 

 . ni- .i.'iituU and arbttrvtunu ixini|HiMxt tn the maimer deai-ribc-il, tiiiti for iilanting all the 

 to the Natural Syitrnt 

 >-• uiidfi ihr (titl'tTtMit ganlon (tivlkhint of hardy, horl>niHH)ua, &c., and under 

 (iiIm-^. . to of ini|Mirt.uit and variinl uko und intt-rost, in ri*K|H-rt to pardon 

 \:,a ih. i,.riii.ituin ol hfrlMtruimi and follcrtiiNiii of (iKuri'B uf plants; but thiA 

 .: , t . < \ . I \ I. na> lu r and iMitanist OA not tu ritjuirv i-xplanatiun. 



INTRODUCTION r<> Tin: jiissi an. or natural, system. 



F\rtt Orwid Divlilon, V ASCI' L AMIRS 

 and cellular tiiaue). or 



First riOM, l)lCl»TYLEno*NKjK (</l#, tWO, 



Subdivision I. DUhlamydcir ilis, two. 



culyx and 



SuIk-Luu 1. Thalninillbra! {thn/amus, a bo<l, 

 nu-ns liiuler pistilhnn\ — 1. Kanunculilcea*, 

 MaKnoli.^ci-.e, 4. Anonftct-a', .'>. Mi-nisner- 

 dea', 7 riHlophylliu-ea', S. Hydroju-ltidea?, 



SubclaA.i 2. Calyciflbra? {cnli/i and flos ; sta- 

 — 5y. Cola.str\nca*, Hiiannu-.e, (il. Hru- 

 rt>. Homalinea', (U. lliailli'tihiea;, ♦),'5. 

 TerebinthJicea', G7. Ix'jjuininuba;, &c., to 



»» 3. Corollifli'>ra> (roro//<i andjfoi; sta- 

 — 117. Kpacridca? IIH. .SynipliHi^ nea;, 119. 

 sineic, 1^1. S;ipMca\ 1J2. El)t'nilcca\ ri3. 

 125. Jaflmlncte, 1^ Str^chnea;, \c.,to 150. 



Subdivision II. ^tonorhlamydcee 

 calyx and corolla 

 151. PlanUgineffi, 152. NycUglnca;, 153. Ama- 

 tolikccs, 155. Chenopbdea;, &c., to 177. 



Second Class, MoNocoTYLEDbNE* 

 178. CyckdeiB, 179. Hydrochartdesp, 180 AUs- 

 mea, 182. Juncag{neae, 183. Orchideae, &c. 



(r'<i5, a veiuiol : plants with spiral vessels 

 t UrVLUDO^NiCAL 



77'J;t sp. 



and hoti/li don ; cotyledons two). 



and i /i/<inii/s , a coat or covering 

 corolla distinct). 



Jlos, a flower; sta- 

 2. Dilleniftcea-, 3. 

 macea;, (5. Herlicri. 

 &c., to 38. Coriarifea;. 



mens on the calyx), 

 niikcea-, (i2. Sanij^Jea;, 

 Aquilarincs, 6& 

 116. Pene&ccffi - 



mens on the corolla). 

 Styracinea;, 120. Myr. 

 Hrexioa', 124. Ol^inx, 

 Plumbaginea; - 



No 

 of hardy 



■IHH.-k.'S. 



No. of fuot 



ill UlVKidv* 



of Mjuaroi 



(if kurf-ire 

 uf Kruunil 

 iind » iiUt 

 ri-<|uli>ilv to 

 jcmw the 

 hard; kiic- 



2313 



1308 

 4552 



233 



Second Grand Division, CELLULA^RES 

 tissue only), or ACOTYLE- 



{tnonos, one, chlamyst a coat; 

 not distinct). 



ranthhceae, 154. Phy- . , c.ia\ 



Empetrea.' - ^ 27 [ J, ^ 



{monos, one, and kolylcdonj cotyledon one). 

 mkceas, 181. Buto- f. cjaIL 16| 

 to 210. Gramineas - 33 J ^h. 93J 



First Class, Folia'^ce^ 

 1. Filices, 2. Equisetaceae, 3. Lycopodineae, &c. 



Second Class, Aphy'lLjE (a, priv., 

 7. A'lgae, 8. Lichfencs, 



Jaq 



]i 



Jaq 



]i 



Jaq 



I'i 



J aq. 



m 01 



|i 



Jaq. 



383 

 156 

 7 



3,34i 

 551 

 64 



{cellu/a, a little cell ; plants with ce'lular 

 UO'NEiE (a, priv. and kotijledon). 285y sp. 



[foliaccus,\ea.iy, habit), 

 to 6. Hepaticae - - 6 



f/. Olh. 

 I A. 127 ja<7 



phijllon, a leaf j leafless). 

 9. F6ngi - - 3{J 



JThE difficulties connected with the adoption of the Natural System of plants are these, — that the characters 

 of many of the orders are at present imperfectly known, and that they all depend upon a consideration of many 

 points of structure which are not to be determined without muc h labour and a considerable degree of practical 

 skill in the use of the microscope and the dissecting knife. But the facilities which the habit of viewing 

 natural bodies with reference to the relations they bear to other bodies, and not as insulated individuals 

 merely possessing certain peculiarities by which they may be referred to some station in an artificial system, 

 ultimately gives to the investigations of the naturalist, are so great, that difficulties of the nature just alluded 

 to should not be suffered to influence the botanist in determining which line of study he will follow, 

 whether that pointed out by Linnaeus, or that traced by the hand of nature. By the artificial system of 

 Linnsus, indeed, no great difficulty exists in determining the number of stamens or styles possessed by a given 

 plant, or the nature of their combination, and from the knowledge so obtained, in referring them to their 

 class and order in the Linnean system. But when this step has been gained, what more has been acquired 

 than the bare knowledge that the plant in question possesses a certain number of stamens and styles ? No 

 possible notion can be formed of the relation it bears to other plants of the same nature, of the qualities 

 it probably possesses, or of the structure of those parts not under examination — the fruit for example; and, 

 finally, if it were wished to convey an idea of the plant to a stranger, no means would be in the possession of 

 the Linnean botanist of doing so, except by stating that the plant belonged to Pentandria Monogynia for 

 example, which is stating nothing. But what would be the condition of the student of the natural affinities 

 of plants in a similar case ? It is true he would be obliged to consult more characters than the two uninfluen- 

 tial ones of Linnaeus : it would be necessary to ascertain if his subject was Vascular or Cellular ; if Vascular, 

 whether it was Monocotyledonous or Dicotyledonous; if Dicotyledonous, whether the leaves were opposite or 

 alternate, stipulate or exstipulate, whether the flowers were monopetalous, polypetalous, or apetalous, the 

 nature and station of the stamens, the condition of the ovarium, and so on. But when he has ascertained 

 thus much, only let it be remembered, for a moment, how much he has gained indirectly as well as directly. 



* Illustrations of Landscape- Gardening and Garden Architecture, by various Artists in different Countries 

 of Europe, and in North America. Edited by J. C. Loudoa In Imperial folio parts quarterly, 5s. each. 



