N A T U R A L A R R A X G E M E N 1'. 



499 



The whole order is pre<Tninently European ; Itld species are fuund in tlie north and middle of Europe, and 

 178 on tlie bea-ahores of the Mediterranean ; -k) are found between Muj^adore and Alexandria : 1H4 iii the 

 countries of the East, that i» to say, Syria, Asia Minor, 'i'auria, and Persia ; VJ in SilH-ria ; 35 in Cnina, Japan, 

 and India ; 16 in Sew Holland and the South Sea inlands ; 6 in the Mauritius and adjacent countrie* ; 7u at 

 the Cape ; 9 in the C anaries ; •i in Saint Helena ; 2 in the West Indieii ; 41 in South America : 4H in North 

 America ; 5 in Kamtchatka and the bordering islands ; and finally, i"> are common to several parts of the 

 globe. From this it api)oar8 that there are about UA) species in the southern hemisphi re, and about KJ<> in the 

 northern : or, if thoy .ire considered with referem e to the rones of tcm|K'rature, LD.j are nativw of the frixid 

 xone of the northern hi iiii>j>liere ; oU of the whole of the tropics ; 54« of the temperate zone of the northi rn 

 hemisphere; and ,S<; of the southern. The forty-fir>t degree of north latitude may be considerc<i the «-qua- 

 torial line of Crucifera-, about half being found on one side of it, anil half on the other. Their station is very 

 variable; many inhabit open sandy places, some form the vegetation about the limits of the |>erpetual 

 mows of lofty mountains, and many follow the footsteps of man through all parts of the world. 



The useful qualities of the turnip, the radi>h, the rape, and thecabb;ige and its multiform varieties, are all 

 well known. The greater |)art of the order ccmsists of plants possessing hi^h antiscorbutic powers. These ap. 

 pear to depend upon a certain acrid, volatile, oily principle, the themical nature of whith is imperfectly known. 

 It IS {Kirtic-ularly abundant in the .oeeds of mustard and the roots of horseradish, and the leaves of Lepidium 

 Lititblium, which latter exercise a violent influence upon the organs of digestion. The same sort of acrimony, 

 but in less decree, is found in the herbage of the scurvy. jjrass and the roots of the radi.>h. which act much 

 more mildly when taken inwanlly ; thus, when any cruciferous plants are found to be eatable, either from 

 culture or other circumstance.^, it is to be un<iersto»)d to depend u|><)n a rtiluctioii of thi> acrid princijile. The 

 exciting powers of this last are what render the horseradish, the scurvy. grass, and others, so remarkably 

 useful as antiscorbutics ; they are also believed to possess diuretic and oiaphoretic properties. It is to be 

 reinarke<l that C'rucifera; are always eatable when their texture is succulent and watery, as in the roofs of the 

 radish and the turnip, and the kavps of the cabbage tribe. A further diminution of the acrid principle ii 

 producetl by blanching Cruciferse are said to possess a greater share of azote than any other tribe of plants ; 

 us is apparent in their fetid smell when fermented. The embryo of all the order abounds in oil, whence many 

 species are einpIo>etl with much atlvantagc for expressing, either for eating or for feeding lamps. Some 

 of the species arc extremely beautiful and fragrant, as the Stocks, the (iillytlowers, the Hesperides, the 

 Candytufls, and many others. The Hutchinsias, Drabas, Card.imines, Sec , a>-o among the most interesting of 

 alpine plants. Almost all the species are propagated by seeds, hut some of them grow by cuttings, and the 

 perennials by division. 



I Tribe 5. A.v.*irr.\Ti'CE.E, or 1884 .Sin-ipis Tnx. •32 



Pi.iiRORiM'ZE.t: Septila^* 

 (dim. of septum, a p.irtition). 



:. StBORnEnl. PLFA'RORHI'- 

 ZF-.fl {ph'nron, a side, rhiza, a 

 root; radicle at the side of the 

 cotyledons). 



s Tribe 1. ARABi'nKiE, or PtKir. 

 RORHi'zi..*; SiLigcoVt x^siliqua, a 



lig. 0. herb. 1+9. # 19ift. 





7ft 



1817 Mathioirt R. Br. 







*13 



1818 Cheir'mthus /.. 







•1 



1819 Aasturtium R. Br. 







•14 



1820 Leptocarpse^a DeCs 







1 



1821 Notoceras K Br. 







3 



1822 Barbar^rt R. Br. 







•5 



1823 Steven/rt .\dan. 







2 



1824 Brkvrt Ster. 







T 



1826 Turntis Del. 







♦4 



1827 .-f'rabis L. 



<) 



*63 



1828 .Macrop.'.dium R. Br. 







1 



18^ Cardamine /.. 







♦26 



18 » Pteronetiron Dec. 







2 



18.31 Dentaria 







•12 



1832 Neurolbma Dec. 







1 



1825 Parrya R. Br. 







29. Tribe 2. Ai.yssi'nf.£, 



or 



PlEURORHI ZE^t L.ATISE 



PT.K 



[la. 



ius, broad, septum, a partition^ 



lig. 8. herb. VK). l+jft; 





1833 Lunaria L. 









183* Ricotifl L. 







1 



183.5 Farsetirt 'I'urra 







2 



1836 Bertertwi Dec. 







o 



1S.37 Anbri^UVi Adan. 









18.38 Vesic;\ria Larti. 







3 



18^ Schivcr.'ck/Vj Andrz. 







1 



1S40 .<K-s.«um /.. 



8 







ISU Meni.' cus Desv. 







1 



1842 Kon'grt R. Br. 







♦1 



1843 Clvp^ola Gae. 







2 



1844 Pclt^ria /,. 







2 



184.5 Petrocallis R. Br. 







1 



184^ Z)r;>ba 







♦40 



1847 ErMphila Dec. 







•3 



1848 Cochlciiria Tou. 







•15 



30. Vribe 3. Thlaspi'de*:, or 



PLEL'RORHI'ZE E A>(;t STISE'PT.E 



{nngustus, narrow, septum, a par- 

 tition"*. 

 lig. 7. herb. 59. J Sift 



1849 rhlaspiZJ;?. 



1850 CaiiscUa ^foen. 

 1R31 Hutchin.siVi R Br. 

 1852 TeesdM/Vi R. Br. 

 ia53 /beris L. 

 18.54 Biscutella 



1855 Megacarp^'a Dec. 



31. Tribe 4. Ei CLiniE\E, or Pleu- 

 rorhi'zf.*: NicamentaVf.a (iw- 

 camentum, a catkins 



lie. 0. hei b. 3. 2 feet. 



1856 Euclidium R. Br. ? 



1857 OehthJdium Dec. 1 





13 f^. 







•8 







♦5 







♦7 







•2 



♦7 



13 







23 







1 



1858 Anastatica L. 

 33. Tribe 6. Cakili xe.e, or Pleu- 



RORIII'ZE.1-: lA)ME\TA*CEJi 



mentum, a loment). 

 lig.O. hcrb.l. £3ifeet 

 1859 Cak'jle Tou. 

 1861 Chorispora Z)^c. 



34. SiDORDER II. KOTORHI'. 

 ZEJE [notos, the back, rhiza, 

 a root ; position). 



35. Tribe 7. Sisy mbre«, or No- 



TORm'zE.E SiLigru^s.E. 

 lig. 1. herb. 123. t 3ft. ; ^241fl. 



1862 Malc.-.m/a R. Br. 



1863 /A'sperisA. 



1864 Andrc.'.skia Dec. 



1865 Sisymbrium L. 



1866 Alli iria Aditn. 

 1S67 £r^simum L. 



1868 LeptMeum Dec. 



1869 Stanlcyrt Nut 



36. Tribes. CAMEi.i'NEiE, or No- 



TORHI ZF.r. LaTISE'PT-E. 



/»^. 0. herb^S. £5Jfeet 



1870 Camel Ina Crz. 



1871 N till a Desv. 



Tribe 9. Lepidi'ne.*:, or No- 



TOHm'ZE.t: A.NGUSTISE'PTAi 



hg. 2. herb. 36. f 3 ft. Hi ft 



1872 Sencbi^M Poir. 



1873 /.epidium L. 



1874 Bivon^p'rt Dec. 



1875 Ennbmia 



1876 /Ethioni-ma R. Br, 



38. Tribe 10. IsjiTi'nE.c, or Noto- 



RHI ZE.E Xt:CAMENTA^CE1, 



hg. 0. herb. 22. if Hi ft. 



1877 /sXtis Bauh. ♦18 



1878 Tausch^r/fl Fis. 2 



1879 .Afy'-aprum /,. 1 



1880 Sobolewskifl Bieb. 1 



39. Tribe 11. Ancho.vie**, 



NOTOIIHI'ZE.E LoMENTaYe^ 



lig. 0. herb. 3. ^ ♦ feet. 



1881 Goldbach»Vi Dec. 



1882 Sterigwia Dec. 



or 



40. ScBORnp.R II T ORTHO. 

 PLO^CKjE {orthos, upright, 

 ploke,Md; cotyledons^ 



41. Tribe 12. Bra«;'?j err., or Oh- 

 thopuoVf*: SiLiQi'i N*. 



0. Arrft. 9*. t -jnifeet. 

 1883 flrSssica •40 



K k 2 



1884 .Sin-ipis Ton. 



1885 Moric.tnd/V; Dec. 

 1S86 Diplot.'ixis Dec. 

 1887 £ruca Tou. 



♦11 



10 



42. 



Tribe 1.3. Ve'lle.k, or On. 



IHOPLoVe.E LATISE'pTiE. 



lig. I), herb. 2. flifeet. 



/ ella L. 



1889 B6leum Desv 



1890 Carrichlt-ra Adan. 



1891 Succow/a Med. 



43. Tribe 14. Psvciu ne e, or Or. 



THOPLO*CE,E .\NGl STISE'PT.E. 



lig. 0. herb. 1. £ 2 feet. 



1892 Psychlne Desf. 1 



44. Tribe 15. ZrLLE.E,or Ortiio. 



PLo'CE.E X I C A >! V. NT A V E.K 



lig. 0. herb. 1. £ 2 feet 



1893 ZUla Forsk. 



1894 Murickria Desv. 1 



1895 Caiep'ina Adan. 1 



45. Tribe la RaphaNe.e, or Or- 

 thoplo\e.e LomentaVe*. 

 lig. 0. herb. 3j. ^ 14^ leet 







1896 ( nimbe Tou. 

 1S60 7?apistrum Bauh. 

 1898 Did.'smis Desv. 

 1S<>9 Enarthrocarpus Lab. 



1897 .fiaphanus L. 



*9 



3 

 2 

 2 



♦17 



46. SfBORDER IV. SPIROLO^ 

 BEJE {spcira, a spire, lobos, a 

 pod; cotyledons). 



47. Tribe 17. Bim.a^de.e, or Spi. 



ROLO^BE.E XiCAMEXTaYt.*. 



lig. 0. herb. 3. f Si feet 

 IJXX) manias L. 3 



48. Tribe 18. ERicARiE''i:,or Spi- 



ROLO^Bl* LoMEXTaVe^E. 



lig. 0. herb. 3. £ 3 feet. 



1901 Eruckria Gae. 3 



49. SiBORPER V. DIPLECO. 

 LO^BE.E {.(fiplax, double, lobos, 

 a pod ; cotyledons). 



50. Tribe 19. Heliophi'lc.e, or 



DiPLECOLo''BE.E SlLIQl O^Aii. 



lig. 0. herb. 17. jf difeet 



1902 Hehophila L. 17 



51. Tribe 20. Si-bclarie^^, or 



DlPLECOLO^BEiE LaTISE PTJK. 



lig. 0. herb. 1. ^1 foot 



1903 Subulana L. ♦! 



52. Si BORDER VI. SCniZOPE- 

 1816 Schizopetaloii Sims. 



