520 



NATURAL ARRANGEMENT. 



38;) FcniM/Vj J. 

 J79 \\ora L. 

 080 EriiCKlea Stox. 



S02. Section 7. CoffkaY'E^e 



Itg. 1. herb. 0. f 1 ft. 

 SS7 Miti-hellrt W. 1 

 o(iO .'Egipliila Z,. 

 :5S'2 I'uv^ttn U 

 o7t) ('homM/(/ Jac. 

 084 SideroiloiKlriiin ^/irrc. 

 380 Tctram^rium Gac. 

 (i'J? t\i/fV« L. 

 tJSO Cephafelis Swz. 



305. Order CIV. OPERCULARlE^iE. 



Genera 2, Species G Hot-house Species 1 j Green-house Species 5 ; Hardy Ligneous Species ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 0. f feet ; £ feet ; i feet. 



Exotic weeds, nearly related to Rubihcca;. Their properties are unknown. M. dc Jussieu lias remarked 

 that their atHnity to Valerianeac is supported by the curious circumstance, that birds devour the young shoots 

 of the Opercularias as they do those of the corn-salads. Seeds or cuttings. 



328 Operculiria L. | 329 Cryptospermum Pers. 



306. Order CV. VALERIA'NETE. 



Genera 5, Species 50 ; Hot-house Species ; Green-house Species 1 ; Hardy Ligneous Species ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 49. t feet ; ^ 13| ft. ; ^0 feet. 



Small herbaceous plants, more interesting for the sake of their symmetry and neatness, than on account of 

 any particular attractions : they may be considered a connecting link between Rubi^ceee and Dipsaceae. 

 Many of the Valerians, and all the Patrinias, are pretty plants. The Valerianellas are useful esculents, 

 known under the name of corn-salads. Their medicinal properties are of a decisive character. The roots 

 of Valeriana ofRcinJllis, Phil, and others, are bitter, tonic, aromatic, antispasmodic, and vermifugal ; they 

 are occasionally used as febrifuges. The odor of Valerian is not generally agreeable, but the Orientals 

 collect with care, on the mountains of Austria, the roots of Valeriana celtica, with which they perfume their 

 baths ; and the natives of India, at this day, employ the Valeriana jatamdnsi, the spikenard of old times, as a 

 perfume, and against hysterics and epilepsy. Division or seeds. 



20 Centranthus Dec. *0 4 I 330 Patrinfa J. 7 j 96 Valerianella Dufr. *0 )8 



95 Valeriana L. *0 19 | 86 Ftdia Moen. 1 | 



507. Order CVI. DIPSA'CEiE. 



Genera 8, Species 108 ; Hot-house Species ; Green-house Species 9 ; Hardy Ligneous Specks ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 99. 1 feet ; j£25Afeet ; ^ feet. 



Very nearly akin to Comp6sita;, of which they have nearly the habit. All are herbaceous plants with 

 flowers growing in heads. Some of the Scabiosas and Asterocephalus are very handsome, and popular border 

 flowers. The whole tribe is cultivated with great facility. Some of the species of Scabibsa have been employed 

 as diaphoretic and antisyphilitic, but are now neglected. Division or seeds. 



84. Morina L. I 3388 Succ^isa VaU. *0 15 | 345 Cephalaria Schr. 



344 Z)ipsacus L. *0 7 3289 Asterocephalus Vail. *0 53 347 Knautta L. 2 



346 Scabiosa VaiL *0 17 I 3290 Pteroc^phalus Vail. 5 I 



308. Order CVII. CALYCE^RE^ 



Genus 1, Species 1 ; Hot-house Species 1 ; Green-house Species ; Hardy Ligneous Species ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 0. $_ feet ; j£ feet j ^ feet. 



Obscure weedy South American plants, differing from Compositas chiefly in the position of their ovula. 

 Seeds or cuttings. 



2459 Acicarpha J. 



309. Order CVIII. COMPO'SIT^. 



Genera 296, Species 2771 ; Hot-house Species 181 ; Green-house Species 609 ; Hardy Ligneous Species 25 ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 1956. 1 19^ ft. ; £108 feet ; ^ feet. 



A most extensive and natural order, obviously characterised by the cohesion of their antherae, and the 

 arrangement of their florets in involucrated heads, or calathidia, as they are now called. Most of them may 

 be said to be ornamental plants, and yet but a very few hold that station in the opinion of the public. It is 

 diflicult to account for this circumstance, nor is this the place to enter upon such an investigation ; certain, 

 however, it is, that with the exception of georginas, the varieties of Chrysanthemum sin^nse, and a few Calen. 

 dulas and Arctotises, and perhaps TagUes, scarcely a single Composita now finds a place in a fashionable 

 flower-garden. The prevailing colour of the flower in the order is yellow; red, purple, or scarlet being com- 

 paratively uncommon. The species inhabit every part of the world, and in all, perhaps, in nearly equal 

 proportions : in Europe and the north of the world they are chiefly herbaceous ; but within the tropics, they 

 are more frequently frutescent. Their medical properties are very important: russiia.go Farfara, Chamomile, 

 /'nula, Solidkgo, Virgaurea, MatricJiria, Parth^nium, Stev?a febrifuga, and Eupatbrium perfoliatum are 

 instances of the presence of tonic and febrifugal properties; Tanacfetum and Santolina are anthelmintic; 

 MatricJiria and the Achilleas emmenagogue; some Eupatoriums, Achilleas, Artemisias, and Calendulas are 

 sudorific ; certain Liatrises are diuretic, and jErigeron philadelphicum is both sudorific and diuretia 

 Ptarmica and A'rnica are sternutatory, and Spilanthes, Siegesb^ckza orientklis, yi'nthcmis Pyrfethrum, and 

 others, powerfully excite salivation ; finally, many Achilleas, Chamomile, Tanact:tum, and Eupatoriums are 

 tonic and antispasmodic. Others seem to possess all these properties combined, and are reckoned among the 

 best alexiterics, as the Ayapana of Brazil, and the Guaco of Peru. Every one knows tlie exccDcr.t r.nd 

 refreshing flavour communicated to vinegar by Tarragon: the same elfects are produced in the Alps by 

 AchWXtin nh.na,Artem\sia glacialis, rupt'^stris, and spic^ta. Some species of Jchillfert, 2)'cllis, and Artcmisin have 

 been used as substitutes for tea. The seeds of many Compositae, as Madia and Verbesina, yield a copiovis oil ; 



631 Psych6tria L. 

 6:52 Nonatilia Aub. 

 633 PiiWchria Aub. 

 R51 Ge6phila D. Don 

 6'-'8 Chiococca W. 

 iX9 ScrLtsa J. 

 647 Plocama H. K. 

 577 Pffldferia L. 



303. Section 8. SpermacoCEJs. 



lig. 1. herb. 6. J 3 ft. ; £ 4ift. 



816 Phyllis L. 1 



j 1095 Richardsunjrt Kth. 

 ' 353 Dibdia L. 1 



355 Bigelbv/a Spr. 



352 Spermacbcc L. 5 



354 Knoxia L. 



304. Sections. Ga\e;E. 



lig. 0, herb. 123. <£_ 18 ft. 



2760 Anthospermum L. 







356 CrucianiJlla L. 







11 



351 Sherird/a L. 



*() 



2 



349 Tiiibia L. 



•0 



4 



350 Aspt^rula L. 



*Q 



23 



2859 Valintm L. 



♦0 



11 



348 Gallium L. 



*0 



72 



